The Mega Marketing Of Depression - 898 Words

Cultural differences are celebrated as a way to welcome diversity in todays society. A culture defines the way individuals think by grouping likeminded individuals for the sake of society. Culture is defined as a shared belief, values, and behaviors amongst other individuals. With many individuals being a part of a certain culture, these individuals have different experiences. Essentially, having a different culture causes a different perception of the embodied experiences. Nature vs. Nurture is one of the oldest arguments concerning how an individual perceives the outside world as well as themselves. This argument tries to explain if whether a nurturing environment such as culture plays a role in development or if the science of nature is more influential. In Ethan Watters text titled â€Å"The Mega-Marketing of Depression in Japan† the Japanese culture influenced the society on how to process certain emotions. This clouds the true emotions felt by individuals. In Barbara Fre derickson’s piece titled â€Å"Selections from Love 2.0: How Our Supreme Emotion Affects Everything We Feel, Think, Do, and Become† culture clouds the true biological feelings of love. This starts a debate regarding the influence of science and culture on society. Culture shapes the scientific practices used in different societies by altering mindsets to explain society’s needs and wants. Being a part of a culture separates individuals from the rest of the world. With so many different cultures in todaysShow MoreRelatedThe Mega Marketing Of Depression1448 Words   |  6 Pagesin such a sensitive area it differs from physical illness in the sense that there is no universal symptom for a certain mental illness such as depression, but there are hundreds of symptoms for a mental disorder throughout the world. These inconsistencies based on region can best be explained in Ethan Watters essay titled, The Mega Marketing of Depression in Japan. Watters’ discuss es how a pharmaceutical company, GlaxoSmithKline, sponsored a seminar in order to discuss ways to market their antidepressantRead MoreThe Mega Marketing Of Depression1480 Words   |  6 Pagesdriven by expectations that are both artificially created and rooted in cultural tradition. In his essay â€Å"The Mega Marketing of depression in Japan†, Ethan Watters explores the relationship between cultural expectations and the experience of happiness via the marketing campaign undertaken by pharmaceutical behemoths which succeeded in radically altering the Japanese definition of depression to agree with the Western model. Through Watter’s study, a better understanding of how language and values canRead MoreThe Mega Marketing Of Depression1522 Words   |  7 Pagesnegative. For instance, the goal of any debate is not to find the right answer, but to reach an agreement. Nevertheless, Watters’ â€Å"The Mega-Marketing of Depression in Japan† is an example where differences in consciousness are negative. In Watters’ story, while the Western conception of depression is a severe feeling of sadness and anxiety, the Japanese citizens see depression as a simple disease that does not require much attention. They refuse to take medication or ask a doctor. It is often necessaryRead MoreThe Mega Marketing Of Depression1412 Words   |  6 Pagesbehavior. It is never definite because it is continually being modified to match current trends, however, historical principles still remain. Watters’ The Mega Mega-Marketing of Depression in Japan compare and contrast the American culture to the Japanese and it illustrates how the difference in these two societies shape how people view depression. Conversely, contrasting behaviors within societies are not limited to mental illness, but can be applied to cultural aspects affect all fragments of anRead MoreThe Mega Marketing Of Depression1410 Words   |  6 PagesIn Ethan Watters’ essay, â€Å"The Mega-Marketing of Depression in Japan,† he has a discussion with Dr. Laurence Kirmayer regarding Kirmayer’s invitation to the International Consensus Group on Depression and Anxiety. In their discussion Kirmayer talks about how the basis of his invitation was on the notion t hat he as the director of the Division of Social and Transcultural Psychiatry at McGill could add to the answer the large pharmaceutical giant, GlaxoSmithKline was looking for. The question at handRead MoreThe Mega Marketing Of Depression1566 Words   |  7 Pagespharmaceutical companies alike. Ethan Watters in â€Å"The Mega-Marketing of Depression in Japan† delves into the dangers of the globalization of a mentality for depression that seeks to transcend cultural values and traditions completely. Pharmaceutical companies, proponents of globalization, aim to eliminate the social and natural confines of a disease like depression, and instead, establish a medical model that is rigidly enforced through marketing and challenging existing cultural norms. Drug corporationsRead MoreThe Mega Marketing Of Depression Essay1609 Words   |  7 PagesMakeover,† presents how the enforcement of mundane standardization in American education systems leads to the decrease of original talents and creativity. Similarly, Ethan Watters’ essay, â€Å"The Mega-Marketing of Depression in Japan,† portrays the ways in which pharmaceutical companies attempt to standardize depression, shifting the reality of an entire culture, for the sake of their profit. Lastly, in â€Å"The Mind’s Eye,† Oliver Sacks illustrates how reality differs between individuals by using stories fromRead MoreThe Mega Marketing Of Depression Essay1756 Words   |  8 Pagesassumptions are not absolutely right and can change along with time as well as cultural transformation. Ethan Watters in his essay â€Å"The Mega-Marketing of Depression†, mentions his research of the Japanese and other Asian countries’ understanding and acceptance of depression. He wonders why these countries are different from the United States when facing the problem of depression. In â€Å"Son†, Andrew Solomon describes his growth as a gay and talks about parental influence on c hildren’s self-acceptance of ownRead MoreThe Mega Marketing Of Depression1909 Words   |  8 PagesThe Structure of Marketing In ‘The Mega-Marketing of Depression in Japan†, Ethan Watters exemplifies a unique phenomenon in his work on the idea of cultural change in Japan. Watters essay discusses how a nation was altered for the benefit of industry through the use of marketing. The stance that Watters takes in his essay makes abundantly clear the implications of marketing and its techniques which can be used to change the thinking of an entire country. Karen Ho’s essay â€Å"Biographies of Hegemony†Read MoreThe Mega Marketing Of Depression1732 Words   |  7 PagesJapanese culture for their benefit in his narrative titled â€Å"The Mega-Marketing of Depression in Japan.† Watters makes it clear big companies, such as the drug company GlaxoSmithKline, are reshaping Japanese culture to market a pill that supposedly cures depression. Society is constantly changing and companies are able to take advantage of that by prompting the route in which society chooses to take. Large comp anies practice this style of marketing everywhere in the world and they are successful in influencing

An expository essay written on the topic of religious...

Teens today are bombarded with multiple types of external and internal conflicts. AIDS and other STDs impact the way they live externally; depression and suicide can govern their internal lives. However, religious tolerance grabs at both their internal and external lives. The biased media always attempts to push teens beliefs one way or another, yet it is the choice of the individual to which counts in the end. ApologeticsIndex.org defines religious tolerance as Acknowledging and supporting that individuals have the right and freedom to their own beliefs and related legitimate practices, without necessarily validating those beliefs or practices. It also defines religious intolerance as a) Refusing to acknowledge and support the right†¦show more content†¦The first is where there is an extreme reluctance to change (e.g. Islam in the Middle East). The other comes in a form where change has happened all too rapidly. For example, secular countries like America and others in Euro pe have gone from origins in religion, to actually putting down religion (mainly through the media; Bernard Goldberg, Bias: A CBS Insider Exposes How the Media Distort the News). Saying that religious intolerance is a problem is a massive understatement and the numbers certainly do not lie. In a study by the University of North Carolina, a poll was taken of seniors in high school about organized religion. An astonishing one third of seniors felt alienated by organized religion. Of these numbers, half the students felt hostile towards organized religion and another half felt no emotions towards it. One third is not a majority, but a whole third of the adult population is an alarming number. In this trend, it is to be expected that nearly 50% of youth will feel threatened by organized religion in little more than a decade (The Empty Church : Does Organized Religion Matter Anymore by Thomas C. Reeves). In a Youth Gallup Poll (ages 13-17), 40% of youth who are identified as non-churchgoers agree that most Muslims around the world are accepting of other religions. This number compares to only 27% of churchgoers who believe Muslims are religiously tolerant. This is a stark contrast. AreShow MoreRelatedOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesthe book is accessible , well researched and readers are encouraged to view chapters as a starting point for getting to grips with the field of organization theory. Dr Martin Brigham, Lancaster University, UK McAuley et al. provide a highly readable account of ideas, perspectives and practices of organization. By thoroughly explaining, analyzing and exploring organization theory the book increases the understanding of a field that in recent years has become ever more fragmented. Organization theory is

Dan Pink Surprising Science of Motivation Free Essays

Dan Pink on the surprising science of motivation This pitch was in my opinion really good. Divided in three parts with a sum up at the end that enforce and give power to what he said. The first part was when he gives facts, states experiences and its results. We will write a custom essay sample on Dan Pink Surprising Science of Motivation or any similar topic only for you Order Now In the second part give credibility of results fund during the experiences, explain those results and shows that most important economists of the world agree with those results and found the same. The third and last part is about giving example that are currently applied in the world and illustrate perfectly his theory that traditional rewards are not as effective as we think, it is even the opposite. Both ethos, logos and pathos were used and used at the right moment, in the right proportion and the result is that he caught people’s attention and give credibility to his speech. Ethos: His way to tell his speech as if it was a â€Å"lawyerly case† as he said it. And to involve quickly everyone he talks to them as if they were a jury (â€Å"ladies and gentlemen of the jury†) and this until the very end of his speech finished by the sentence â€Å"I rest my case†. At the end of the explanation of the second experience that gave illogical results and to consolidate his results and give his speech more credibility, he affirms that for him too that is illogical and that he is exactly like everyone in the room (â€Å"I am an American (†¦) that is not how it’s supposed to work†) This example and the fact that at the beginning of his presentation he tells everybody that he did not get good results from his law university are really clever from him. Saying that he is getting more trustful to people, imperfect side of him make him more human for others. Logos: He has a very strong logos during the whole presentation. And at the beginning of his speech he said directly that his facts are true, proved. He has a PowerPoint used only for his logos that help the explanation of experiences made with the candle, show the important words of his speech. He also used scientist results and conclusions given by the most important economists worldwide (such as the conclusion made by the economists of LSE). And in his third part he gave an explanation based on three words, illustrate by example and repeated several times to give them more impact on the audience. Pathos: Begin with a story, more than a story it is like he is going to confess something that he is not proud (â€Å"I need to make a confession†). Saying that he makes people trust in him, because he exposes himself. But it is fact a joke, which is also really good because humour is always a good way to catch people’s attention. And during the whole speech, he will have a lot of humour. His speech was like him dynamic, enthusiastic and totally engaged with his audience. With this combination of ethos, logos and pathos Dan Pink make an informative speech and the audience easily receives its message. How to cite Dan Pink Surprising Science of Motivation, Essay examples

Cyber Security Active Defence Samples for Students- Myassignment

Question: Discuss about the " Private Companies and Governments Be Able to Mitigate Cyber Attack By Destructively Counter-Striking Against Attackers". Answer: Introduction It is an unanswered question whether counter attacking the hackers is just another method of ensuring that security hacks are prevented. It is observed that the IT security professionals and the lobby groups are demanding for fresh laws that would give weightage and room for the private entities to fight against the hackers. They are basically wanting to hack back at the states and corporates rather than depending upon the government to react to such attacks. It has been argued by many that the corporates should now undertake an active defence attitude which would help them fight the online security hacks. Although in the legal parlance, the same is yet to be dealt with the law part of it, yet it is construed that the same would not be considered as unethical if these private entities made efforts to halt the various hacks on their IP. It is very crucial to understand the phenomena cyber crime before heading towards safeguarding mechanisms that should be adopted by the private compan ies and the governments. A cyber crime is defined as a heinous crime wherein the information and communication technologies may be the main victim or the target of the crime and it may comprise of a single event or a number of events (Geers, 2011). Those who conduct such crimes are basically swayed by negative motivations such as thrill, profit making or vengeance. The said paper discusses about the fact whether the private companies and the government are able to fight a cyber attack by destructively counter striking against those who attack the cyber space. Unfortunately the cyber crimes are not only being conducted by the hackers but also by employees of a company past or present, as they enter the structures of the organization which otherwise they are suppose to protect (Melancon 2015). The said essay is in support of the tactics undertaken by these private entities of counter attacking the hackers instead of depending upon the law making authorities wherein they can at least use the said method as a stop gap if not an ultimate solution to the problem. How Private Companies And Governments Be Able To Mitigate Cyber Attacks By Counter Striking The past four years has witnessed high profile cyber attacks in companies like JP Morgan Chase, Sony Pictures and Fiat Chrysler, which has toppled down the trust of the consumers as well as the staff members of the corporates so much that these companies are now drooling over spending huge amount so as to be able to improvise upon their presently active defence mechanisms against these attacks (Lohrmann, 2016). However, the series of such attacks has been beneficial for the businesses, since they have allowed the companies to adopt a new procedure of protection against the attackers commonly known as active defence. As the name suggests it is a more aggressive methodology of fighting the crime rather than simply depending upon the age old methodology of applying pass-codes and firewalls (Sexton 2016). The owner of Black Hills Information Security, John Strand, uses such ways and means which would attract the attackers in a manner so that they would also fall into his trap or to be able to outline the steps taken by the attackers so as to be able to find out the origin of their attack. Unfortunately some of the victims use such methods which are illegitimate such as hack back against such a crime of the cyber world. As per the notion of many, even though hacking back may not be within the legal boundary, yet it becomes necessary at times to counter attack the criminals in their pattern only (Kutler, 2016). After a flurry of destructive hacks, the private companies and the governments are trying to voice it back by strengthening their counter attacks thus looking more active methods so as to mitigate the threats from such cyber hacks. But ultimately, the first movers advantage with regards technological advancement rests with the attackers, wherein the lawful and political deliberat ions restrict the area of counter attacks by victims (Messmer, 2011). The increase in the number of cyber attacks has proved how weak the various sectors are such as the banking, retail, healthcare givers etc. Thus such attacks, eventually forced the companies to cater to such active defence methodologies. One such took place in the year 2013, wherein the demonstrator has entre the cloud services which was being used by the hackers, got hold of their contact details and also was able to locate their office building with the help of GPS . However locating these criminals was easier but in spite of them stealing away millions of data and money, they have not been taken into custody and will never be. Simple reason for the same is that most law are national despite cyber crime conventions, while the internet is borderless and international by definition. (Kuchler, 2015) The fact is still debatable that whether counter-attacking the cyber criminals is acceptable and legal or not. However, the US alone, the Department of Justice names hacking back as likely illegitimate. However the same has not been defined as unlawful. It is the ethics which is guiding the hacking back. The issue here is that even if the law authorities are taking steps to punish the attackers, but the same is not deterring them from attacking further. If the judicial system is punctured due to the system in vogue, then it may not be considered vigilantism to take action against the attackers (Lin, 2016). Part of our public bond to produce and abide by government is to surrender our ordinary powers to take integrity into our control, in exchange of a more dependable and acceptable legal system. A person or entity is always entitled to defend oneself ad it does not wade off even if there is law to help him (Iasiello, 2016). Risk Involved In Hacking Back However, the biggest risk in the hack back policy is that it may at times lead to hacking back the offender who actually was innocent simply because it is very difficult to identify the actual attacker at times. Thus even if the private companies and governments may be able to mitigate a cyber attack by counter attacking at the hackers, there still lies a possibility of counter attacking the innocent which is very devastating in nature. For instance in a DDoS attack, if one thuds out all the systems that were unsuspectingly attacked and were used to throng against ones system, the question being asked here is whether the innocent are being attacked due to the same and is it acceptable ethically (Centre for Cyber and Homeland Security 2016). The owners of the systems may not be harmful and had no intention to act maliciously although they may be inattentive in updating their system against malicious attack. However the said type of attack against the attackers connotes that it is not important to prove a person or a group of persons guilty before one can act against a possible threat. If not done then most of the time the results and the outcomes may be devastating. Therefore keeping the guilt aside, one should ensure that if a person poses to be a threat then the same should be counter attackers in defence (Paganini, 2013). The critics about hack back system have questioned the mitigation policies of cyber attacks by counter attacks. As per them, the hacking back may lead to destruction of proofs which would else be available and required at the time of prosecution of the earlier stages of the attack. However the same criticism is counter attacked by the fact that it is acceptable to destroy the evidences, if that would ensure the prevention of the cyber attacks causing losses (Goodman, 2017). The fact that if the private companies and government are able to mitigate the cyber risks via counter attacks, then the same if made lawful and legitimate would ensure deep rooted loss of those hackers who are involved in the IP theft. The counter attacks would lead to an increase in their cost in terms of the IP thieves thus ultimately deterring them from such a conduct. It is said by all that the government has not been able to implement laws which would help private companies safeguard themselves from such cyber attacks (Glosson, 2015). However, the then US president, Barack Obama, noticed those calls in the month of March 2013, by entering into an agreement on signing the executive order that would ensure that the various government agencies would share data on the various cyber security related matters to those private entities. This order will help the entities become aware of the expected terrorization to their existing systems with the help of national intelligence. But unfo rtunately, the said arrangement will not help to vaccinate the companies who share data with the government agencies (Smith, 2013). There still lies a apprehension with regards the expected implications of allowing the private entities to counter attack. It is quite commonly used phrase the best defence is a strong offence also fits to some extent to the attacks caused by these cyber hackers. In cyber space the most apt defence is a strong defence, i.e the best solution is to defend oneself since the idea of retaliating someone else is senseless. If the hacker is being attacked back that will cause them damage too, then they would end up finding recourse into something else via the existing law prevailing and the channels of government. Hence applying a hack-back solution shows that the retaliators have not been able to understand the situation (Hutchinson, 2013). Hence it can be rightly construed that counter attack is a mere hack-back vigilantism and not any proactive policy which would help the problem to be insulated. Aggressiveness In Defence Is Better Than Offence How? Although hacking back is nowadays construed as one of the most prominent ways of safeguarding the system from cyber attacks by the private companies, yet it is very important to understand that showing aggressiveness in the various defence strategies being formulated is better than being unpleasant and offensive by nature. The inclination is still towards hacking back strategy, but it should be understood that via a combination of strategies, policies and such defensive ways and means, the achievement graph of the hackers will significantly diminish and the capability of the defenders to improvise upon the resiliency will augment, thus in turn diminishing upon the cost of dealing with the loss caused by the cyber threats (Harrington, 2014). The companies should develop a strategy wherein they would lure the attackers to attack their system and those defending will check out on their methodologies thereby applying defensive strategies. Denial and deception may also come out to be one of the most successful techniques of defending such hacks. This would enable to deceive the attackers via various technical solutions (Iasiello, 2014). It is a very smart technique which would ensure hacking back the attackers by first and foremost inviting them to attack and then catching hold of them (Leyden, 2016). Another common way would be creation of a website that would consist of files and attachments fulfilled as unsystematic from the actual files simply to perplex the hackers into viewing nonexistent connections. Lastly, the active defence tools comprise of such trigger posts on hosts which would enable automatic identification of the hackers thus leading to they being blacklisted. These are also ways of hacking back but a subtle way which cannot be considered as illegitimate by the law and the regulatory authorities and officials (Myers, 2013). Cyber Deterrence Theory Incidentally there lies three fold stage of defence- prevention, management of the occurrence of the attack and management of the situation. First, it states that the system should be designed in such a manner that it is safe from all ends from being attacked by any hacker. If the same is possible or done successfully, then all such attacks would be futile a preventive measures are already in place (Watkins et.al. 2016). Unfortunately, till date applications are designed but without considering security issues as a main issue to cater to. Mainly the active defence is expected to be conducted by governments. The intergovernmental co-operation will most probably act as a momentum for future developments of such active defence strategies in fields such as the exchange of intelligence. But unfortunately, in such a situation, many private entities are mistakenly construed as cyber criminals (Waxman, 2011). Second, is the management of such attacks occurrence i.e. to make the staff and the others aware of the happening of such an attack which seems to be a better option than ultimate prevention. For ensuring that the attack is managed at the occurrence stage itself, various hurdles are installed. This management helps to protect the important data while such an attack is occurring. Further, it is more easy to handle the attack at this stage since prevention also may have various unmanageable loopholes unlike this stage (Rid, Buchanan, 2015). The last stage comprises of the management of the situation and the ultimate consequence of the attack. It has further two stages i.e. recovery and response. The recovery stage is an age old one wherein the organization which has been attacked tries to reinstate the entire operation to such an extent so as to construe as earlier situation. However, the second stage is a relatively newer one which calls for a more active defence strategy (Tsagourias, 2013). If the attack is planned vigilantly with a lot of thought behind the same, then recovering from the same may become difficult. Thus the various tasks which can be categorised under the second category of response comprises of, getting hold of the correct attacker, measured counter attacks, asymmetries which discusses about what to do about the attackers which comprises of lesser number of IT assets and weaknesses and escalation which enables rating of the attack so as to decide whether the victim wishes to send a strong message o t he attacker so that they are made aware for any such attacks again in future (Romanosky Goldman, 2016). Conclusion Thus on a concluding note it can be said that the cyber space is diseased by a number of attacks by these hackers. It is the fasting growing area of nuisance and the number of hackers have also been multiplying which each passing phase. It is true that the said issue is a diplomatic one which cannot be resolved until the intervention of the government. It cannot be denied that practicality and the effectiveness are lawful alarms about hacking back. However, if the same is legalised then the opportunities are huge. The fact that there still lies some intuitions against the hack-back method such as the risk of misidentifying the actual attacker and by mistake get hold of an innocent person. Therefore it can be rightly said counter attacking can be used as a stop gap approach until and unless the cyber security and the law enforcement agencies are being able to find out better means to identify and punish these attackers. The said method of hack back is swinging like a pendulum between proactive policy and vigilantism References: Centre for Cyber and Homeland Security., (2016), Into the Gray Zone: The Private sector and Active Defense Against Cyber Threats, Available at https://cchs.gwu.edu/sites/cchs.gwu.edu/files/downloads/CCHS-ActiveDefenseReportFINAL.pdf (Accessed 18th May 2017) Geers,K., (2011), Strategic Cyber Security, CCD COE Publication : Estonia, Available at https://www.law.upenn.edu/institutes/cerl/conferences/cyberwar/papers/reading/Geers.pdf (Accessed 09th May 2017) Goodman,S.E., (2017), Cyberterrorism and Security Measures, Available at https://www.nap.edu/read/11848/chapter/6 (Accessed 09th May 2017) Glosson, A.D., (2015), Active Defence : An Overview of the Debate and a Way Forward, Mercatus Working Paper, Mercatus Center at George Mason University: Arlington, Available at https://www.mercatus.org/system/files/Glosson-Active-Defense.pdf (Accessed 09th May 2017) Harrington,S.L., (2014), Cyber Security Active Defense: Playing with Fire or Sound Risk Management, Richmond Journal of Law and Technology, vol. XX, no.4, pp. 1-41 Hutchinson, J., (2013), Companies should hack back at cyber attacks : security experts, Available at https://www.afr.com/technology/enterprise-it/companies-should-hack-back-at-cyber-attackers-security-experts-20130527-j0rqm (Accessed 08th May 2017) Iasiello,E., (2016), Is the Best defence a strong defence in cybersecurity? Available at https://fabiusmaximus.com/2016/03/13/is-offense-best-defense-in-cybersecurity-94550/ (Accessed 09th May 2017) Iasiello,E., (2014), Hacking Back : Not the Right Solution, Parameters, Vol. 44, no. 3, pp. 105-113 Available at file:///C:/Users/E-ZONE/Downloads/1434062_1772786097_14289211698173281Hackingbackno.PDF (Accessed 18th May 2017) Kuchler,H., (2015), Cyber Insecurity : Hacking Back, Available at https://www.ft.com/content/c75a0196-2ed6-11e5-8873-775ba7c2ea3d (Accessed 08th May 2017) Kutler,J., (2016), Cybersecurity has started fighting back against hackers, Available at https://www.businessinsider.com/cyber-security-has-started-fighting-back-against-hackers-2016-6?IR=T (Accessed 18th May 2017) Lin,P., (2016), Forget About Law and Ethics Is Hacking Back Even Effective? Available at https://www.forbes.com/sites/patricklin/2016/09/26/forget-about-law-and-ethics-is-hacking-back-even-effective/#32ed84ac47d8 (Accessed 09th May 2017) Lohrmann,D., (2016), Can Hacking Back Be An Effective Cyber Answer? Available at https://www.govtech.com/blogs/lohrmann-on-cybersecurity/can-hacking-back-be-an-effective-cyber-answer.html (Accessed 18th May 2017) Leyden,J., (2016), National cyber Security Centre to Shift UK to Active defence, Available at https://www.theregister.co.uk/2016/09/16/uk_gov_active_cyber_defence/ (Accessed 18th May 2017) Melancon,D., (2015), Should Companies Strike Back at Hackers? Available at https://www.tripwire.com/state-of-security/security-data-protection/should-companies-strike-back-at-hackers/ (Accessed 09th May 2017) Messmer,E., (2011), Is retaliation the answer to cyber attacks? Available at https://www.networkworld.com/article/2199010/malware-cybercrime/is-retaliation-the-answer-to-cyber-attacks-.html (Accessed 09th May 2017) Myers,L., (2013), Active Defense: Good Protection doesnt need to be offensive, Available at https://www.welivesecurity.com/2013/11/19/active-defense-good-protection-doesnt-need-to-be-offensive/ (Accessed 18th May 2017) Paganini,P., (2013), The Offensive Approach to Cyber Security in Government and Private Industry, Available at https://resources.infosecinstitute.com/the-offensive-approach-to-cyber-security-in-government-and-private-industry/#gref (Accessed 09th May 2017) Rid,T., Buchanan,B., (2015), Attributing Cyber Attacks, Journal of Strategic Studies, 38(1) and (2), pp. 4-37, Available at https://sipa.columbia.edu/system/files/Cyber_Workshop_Attributing%20cyber%20attacks.pdf (Accessed 09th May 2017) Romanosky,S., Goldman, Z., (2016), Cyber Collateral Damage, Procedia Computer Science, vol.95, pp. 10-17, Available at https://ac.els-cdn.com/S1877050916324590/1-s2.0-S1877050916324590-main.pdf?_tid=b09abc7c-3544-11e7-83f5-00000aacb35eacdnat=1494395659_f0cb6430e118607b25d1dca5d65428f2 (Accessed 09th May 2017) Smith,G., (2013), Hacking back Could Deter Chinese Cyberattacks, Available at https://www.huffingtonpost.in/entry/hacking-back-chinese-cyberattacks_n_3322247 (Accessed 09th May 2017) Sexton,M., (2016), U.K. cybersecurity strategy and active cyber defence Issues and risks, Journal of Cyber Policy, vol.1, no.2. Tsagourias,N., (2013), Cyber Attacks, Self Defence and the Problem of Attribution, Journal of Conflict and Security Law, vol.17, no.2, pp. 229-244 Waxman,M.C., (2011), Cyber Attacks and the Use of Force, The Yale Journal of International Law, vol.36, pp. 421-459. Available at https://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1403context=yjil (Accessed 09th May 2017) Watkins,LA., Hurley, J.S., Xie, S., Yang, T., (2016), Enhancing Cybersecurity by Defeating the Attack Lifecycle: Using Mobile Device Resource Usage Patterns to Detect Unauthentic Mobile Applications, Journal of Informati

Policy Process Essay Sample free essay sample

In the concern universe or political. policy devising is neer an easy undertaking. Policy doing procedure goes through five different phases before an thought is implemented and so it is either altered or solidified to go an enacted policy. The system policy-makers use provides cheques and balances that keep those in leading functions from possessing excessively much control over the policy-making procedure. The treatment will sketch the complete procedure of how a subject becomes a policy through the preparation. legislative. and execution phases. Formulation Phase The end of wellness attention policy is to advance and protect the wellness of the community and persons. This nonsubjective can be accomplished by authorities functionaries in ways that will esteem human rights. including privateness. nondiscrimination. and self-government ( Gostin. n. d. ) . The United States is a extremely complicated and diverse society. Indeed. wellness policies are weighed in by many groups ( Gostin. n. d. ) . Policymaking organic structures and groups that seek to act upon policies make it impossible to offer a comprehensive and systematic analysis of wellness policy preparation ( Gostin. We will write a custom essay sample on Policy Process Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page n. d. ) . However. the factors in developing sound wellness policies are the policies themselves. and they should non be subjected to scientific examination ( Gostin. n. d. ) . Furthermore. whether Americans seek to reform the wellness attention system. expand or curtail women’s picks to abort a kid. or to authorise or criminalize doctors who assist in a patient’s decease. society does non hold any precise manner in which to prove for the right attack ( Gostin. n. d. ) . Decisions on wellness policy reflect the picks between the appraisal of available informations and viing informations. Organizations stand foring. including involvement groups stand foring assorted wellness attention professionals. measure informations. and choose his or her values through his or her ain lenses. Therefore. groups comprised of well-meaning and extremely adept professionals frequently make different determinations about wellness policy. Framework is needed for authorities functionaries to develop a sound wellness policy. Developing a sound wellness policy has many factors. First. policy shapers should be cold-eyed and nonsubjective. Indeed. no struggle of involvement. professional inducements. or improper fiscal. Policymakers should understand the statements. informations presented to measure the policies objectively and moderately every bit good as balance viing values reasonably Gostin. n. vitamin D ) . Policymakers do non hold to be experts every bit long as they ha ve entree to expert advice. Second. answerability is besides of import for policy-makers determination devising. Third. determination shapers should be positioned to have and able to measure information objectively on facets of the wellness policy ( Gostin. n. d. ) . Although authorities entities may hold entree to a great trade of information. measuring the dependability of that information may be complicated ( Gostin. n. d. ) . It is in the best involvement of policy shapers to hold entree to objective and complete information from sensible and impersonal beginnings ( Gostin. n. d. ) . To develop sound wellness policies. determination shapers may seek information from one or several nonsubjective beginnings. Fourth. good considered standards for doing determinations aid policymakers in explicating ends. and set uping the scientific. societal. and choosing agencies of ethical parametric quantities for determination devising. Policymakers should utilize the undermentioned stairss for a guideline. * Policymakers should analyze the public involvement to find if the proposed policies. Seek to acco mplish a wellness aim. Besides define the wellness intent of the policy. * Policymakers should analyze the effectivity of the policy by garnering scientific informations to find if the policy will be effectual in accomplishing the end ( s ) . * Policymakers should measure if the policy is well-targeted on the wellness job and tailored to turn to the particular job. Legislation Phase Ideas are hammered into policies before given to Congress. Legislations begin with constructs and thoughts. Concepts and thoughts can come from many beginnings. Legislative is the procedure of authorities by which measures are considered and Torahs are enacted ( Dykes. 2009 ) . Legislative procedure is as follows. Bills are introduced into the senate house of representatives or the province senate. The Legislator who introduces the measure may do little comments refering the measure that is introduced ( Dykes. 2009 ) . The comments are recorded in the Senate Journal. Afterwards the measure is assigned to the commission of congressional. To roll up information about the bill’s subject the commission holds a hearing ( Dykes. 2009 ) . Analysis and studies of the measure is considered by the commission and voted on. During this procedure the commission may replace or amend the measure with another measure ( Dykes. 2009 ) . If the measure is recommended by the commission it is sent to the House of Senate to be debated and voted on. To do the measure more appealing to the legislators it may be amended on the floor ( Dykes. 2009 ) . The Senate and House ballot on the measure. The ballots are recorded in the Senate Journal. If the Senate and the House passes the measure. it is sent to the other chamber of legislative for consideration ( Dykes. 2009 ) . If the other legislative chamber does non do any alterations and passes the indistinguishable version of the measure. the measure is sent to the president for reappraisal ( Dykes. 2009 ) . The President can subscribe the measure into jurisprudence or veto it. If the measure is vetoed. Congress can try to overrule the President’s veto ( Dykes. 2009 ) . In the Senate and the House this takes two-thirds ballot. After the President marks the measure or Congress overrides a veto. the measure becomes a jurisprudence officially. The measure is assigned an official jurisprudence figure and is listed as portion of United States Code ( Dykes. 2009 ) . Definitions and footings used by legislative. Appropriation- Without an one-year appropriation a plan or federal bureau can non run. Bill- the papers outlines a proposal by a legislative to either alteration bing jurisprudence by modifying. canceling. or adding current Torahs or fund appropriation. Committee- Members of a group that are assigned a set of duties. Earmark- when Congress has direct support to a specific entity in appropriations measure. Filibuster- Senator efforts to get the better of a measure by speaking indefinitely. and forestalling the Senate from voting on it. Germane- Means it is pertinent to the capable affair. Table- Means the measure is dead and will non go jurisprudence ( Dykes. 2009 ) . Execution Phase The execution procedure of a policy represents the phase where the authorities executes an adoptive policy specified by the statute law action ( Theodoulou A ; Kofinis. 2004 ) . Assorted authoritiess sections and bureaus at this phase are responsible for the several country of the policy are besides officially made responsible for the execution phase ( Theodoulou A ; Kofinis. 2004 ) . The execution phase is what happens after the measure becomes jurisprudence. After the authorities legitimizes the jurisprudence or ordinance. the conditions of that policy have to be put into action to convey about the alteration desired by the policy shapers ( Theodoulou A ; Kofinis. 2004 ) . The authorities executives designate the duty of the new policy to the authorities bureau ( Theodoulou A ; Kofinis. 2004 ) . The authorities bureau is given the authorization to guarantee the new policy is carried out as intended. but this does non ever go on ( Theodoulou A ; Kofinis. 2004 ) . Policies are i mplemented to consequence some alteration in the behaviour of a population mark. and it is the premise of some of the alteration will do the job better. Therefore. if the judicial admission of the policy is non carried out the job will go on to prevail ( Theodoulou A ; Kofinis. 2004 ) . Immediately after the philosophy of the new policy is implemented. the policy is evaluated in item to find if the consequences are obtained and if non. why non and what else needs to be changed. Government bureaus private contractors included are responsible for the execution of a policy. No affair how good formulated. good intentioned or supported universally in the acceptance stage of the policy procedure. a policy can non get down to work out a specific public job until person implements it ( Theodoulou A ; Kofinis. 2004 ) . Typically. each a policy includes a design of how the populace job will be resolved. The design defines in changing inside informations the policy end ( s ) . the bureau responsible for the execution of the policy. the instruments of the policy that will be used. the targeted population every bit good as the timetables ( Theo doulou A ; Kofinis. 2004 ) . The ground for the policy design is to do certain the right sets of instruments are matched with the identified job. and finally work outing the job ( Theodoulou A ; Kofinis. 2004 ) . Decision The system policy-makers use provides cheques and balances that keep those in leading functions from holding excessively much control over the policy-making procedure. Policy doing procedure normally goes through five different phases before an thought is implemented and it is either altered or solidified to go an enacted policy. The factors that are of import in developing sound wellness policies are the policies themselves. and they should non be subjected to scientific examination. The Legislative is the procedure of authorities by which measures are considered and Torahs are enacted. The execution procedure of a policy represents the phase where the authorities executes an adoptive policy that is specified by the statute law action. This phase of the procedure is how a measure becomes jurisprudence. Mentions Dykes. C. ( 2009 ) . Legislative History Research. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. jurisprudence. uh. edu/libraries/Publications/ResearchGuides/texasleghistory. htm Gostin. L. ( n. vitamin D ) . The Formulation of Health Policy by the Three Branches of Government. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. sleep. edu/openbook. php? record_id=4771 A ; page=335 Theodoulou. S. Z. ( 2004 A ; Kofinis. C. ( 2004 ) Public Policy-Making: Execution. Evaluation. Change and Termination. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //courses. worldcampus. psu. edu/welcome/plsc490/print. hypertext markup language

Spanish Place Names in the U.S.

Spanish Place Names in the U.S. Much of the United States was once part of Mexico, and Spanish explorers were among the first non-indigenous people to explore much of what is now the U.S. So wed expect that an abundance of places would have names coming from Spanish - and indeed thats the case. There are too many Spanish place names to list here, but here are some of the most well-known: U.S. State Names from Spanish California - The original California was a fictional place in the 16th-century book Las sergas de Esplandin by Garci Rodrà ­guez Ordà ³Ãƒ ±ez de Montalvo. Colorado - This is the past participle of colorar, which means to give something color, such as by dyeing. The participle, however, specifically refers to red, such as red earth. Florida - Probably a shortened form of pascua florida, literally meaning flowered holy day, referring to Easter. Montana - The name is an anglicized version of montaà ±a, the word for mountain. The word probably comes from the days when mining was a leading industry in the region, as the states motto is Oro y plata, meaning Gold and silver. Its too bad the à ± of the spelling wasnt retained; it would have been cool to have a state name with a letter not in the English  alphabet. New Mexico  - The Spanish  Mà ©xico  or  Mà ©jico  came from the name of an Aztec god. Texas - The Spanish borrowed this word, spelled Tejas in Spanish, from indigenous residents of the area. It relates to the idea of friendship. Tejas, although not used that way here, also can refer to roof tiles. Key Takeaways: Spanish Language Place Names Spanish-language place names abound in the United States in part because its history includes Spanish colonization and exploration.Many of the Spanish place names in the U.S. have been anglicized, such as by changing à ± to n and by dropping the accent marks from accented vowels.Many of the Spanish names are derived from the names of Roman Catholic saints and beliefs. Other U.S. Place Names From Spanish Alcatraz (California) - From alcatraces, meaning gannets (birds similar to pelicans). Arroyo Grande (California) - An arroyo is a stream. Boca Raton (Florida) - The literal meaning of boca ratà ³n is mouses mouth, a term applied to a sea inlet. Cape Canaveral (Florida) - From caà ±averal, a place where canes grow. Conejos River (Colorado) - Conejos means rabbits. District of Columbia; Columbia River (Oregon and Washington) - These and many other place names honor Christopher Columbus (Cristobal Colà ³n in Spanish), the Italian-Spanish explorer. El Paso (Texas) - A mountain pass is a paso; the city is on a historically major route through the Rocky Mountains. Fresno (California) - Spanish for ash tree. Galveston (Texas) - Named after Bernardo de Glvez, a Spanish general. Grand Canyon (and other canyons) - The English canyon comes from the Spanish caà ±Ãƒ ³n. The Spanish word can also mean cannon, pipe or tube, but only its geological meaning became part of English. Key West (Florida) - This may not look like a Spanish name, but it is in fact an anglicized version of the original Spanish name, Cayo Hueso, meaning Bone Key. A key or cayo is a reef or low island; that word originally came from Taino, an indigenous Caribbean language. Spanish speakers and maps still refer to the city and key as Cayo Hueso. Las Cruces (New Mexico) - Meaning the crosses, named for a burial site. Las Vegas - Means the meadows. Los Angeles - Spanish for the angels. Los Gatos (California) - Meaning the cats, for the cats that once roamed in the region. Madre de Dios Island (Alaska) - The Spanish means mother of God. The island, which is in Trocadero (meaning trader) Bay, was named by Galician explorer Francisco Antonio Mourelle de la Rà ºa. Merced (California) - The Spanish word for mercy. Mesa (Arizona) - Mesa, Spanish for table, came to be applied to a type of flat-topped geological formation. Nevada - A past participle meaning covered with snow, from nevar, meaning to snow. The word is also used for the name of the Sierra Nevada mountain range. A sierra is a saw, and the name came to be applied to a jagged range of mountains. Nogales (Arizona) - It means walnut trees. Rio Grande (Texas) - Rà ­o grande means large river. Sacramento - Spanish for sacrament, a type of ceremony practised in Catholic (and many other Christian) churches. Sangre de Cristo Mountains - The Spanish means blood of Christ; the name is said to come from blood-red glow of the setting sun. San _____ and Santa _____ (California and elsewhere) - Almost all the city names beginning with San or Santa - among them San Francisco, Santa Barbara, San Antonio, San Luis Obispo, San Jose, Santa Fe and Santa Cruz - come from Spanish. Both words are shortened forms of  santo,  the word for saint or holy. Sonoran Desert (California and Arizona) - Sonora is possibly a corruption of seà ±ora, referring to a woman. Strait of Juan de Fuca (Washington state) - Named after the Spanish version of Greek explorer Ioannis Phokass name. Phokas was part of a Spanish expedition. Toledo (Ohio) - Possibly named after the city in Spain.

When the status quo will amend Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

When the status quo will amend - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that the article of Cox and McCubbins develops an interest group model in which the lawmaker delegates his voting decision of his party leader. By that, the party leader has a plan for setting power. The model has six assumptions: members of assembly seek reelection to the House, the status of a member’s party affects his chance of reelection, a party’s standing depends on its lawmaking achievement, team engagement between legislators overcomes harmonization troubles, lawmaking members delegate to the central power and that the major explanation they do that is to delegate to his agenda acquiring power. The party’s head is the one who brings the agenda acquiring power. Therefore, in that respect is a bias to the majority party. The readings from the book Pivotal Politics attempt to understand in what cases gridlock happens. Gridlocks are when there will be no policy alteration from the status quo. The script sets off by explaining a few dissimilar hypotheses. It explains that gridlock is can be narrowed down if the majority party discusses bills with the minority party and it is even more uncommon if both the legislative and majority party are from the same party. Keith Krehbiel comes up with one directed model which depicts the ideology of the members of the house of Congress. It includes the median voter, the filibuster threshold, the president’s ideology and the veto threshold to override the president.

You decide Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

You decide - Essay Example Life is really complicated and we need to understand our aim and to do that we need to sit down and introspect. Many a time we come across situations in life where we have to make difficult choices and these difficult choices also decide our future, this poem is all about choosing the road which is less travelled, it also goes to show the courage of the poet who decides to take a path which is less travelled and there is a possibility of him getting lost but he is brave enough to try something different from others. This is what life is all about, we must be brave enough to trot a path less travelled, it may prove to be a wrong decision or it may prove to be a right decision, it is all about making choices when you are at the crossroads, this is what the poem is all about. At the very end the poet ponders over his choice, his life would have been much different had he taken the other road and this is very true. Our life would also be different had we made different decisions and had we taken the road less travelled, life is all about making the right, the most successful people often make the right choices. The poem has hidden meaning in it; the literal meaning of the poem is very easy to understand. A traveler reaches a fork in the road and is discombobulated because the road shows the traveler two choices, the traveler after much thinking, chooses the road less travelled by people. The figurative meaning of the poem reflects upon the choices that we make in our lives. We can either choose a road which is very frequently chosen by other people or we can choose to walk on a road which is hardly chosen by other people. After making our choice, we would always have regrets because the road not taken would always force us to think about the endless possibilities. This is what the poem is all about and this poem is really popular, Robert Frost became a household name because of this poem. Antithesis is quite conspicuous in the poem, the traveler has to

Operations management for creating competitive advantage Essay

Operations management for creating competitive advantage - Essay Example For instance, locations are first selected keeping in mind the country, then the region and lastly the site. Stakeholders, especially the shareholders are taken care of by maximizing the profits of the company and putting back profits in the betterment of the company only. Some of the recommendations that have been given are that of using mathematical techniques in choosing locations and the starting of slotting fees. The budget that will be used is to hire trained human resources and the huge costs for buying backward links that is suppliers. The innovative recommendation is that of using scent marketing. All in all, the company Tesco is practicing efficient operations management but there is always room for improvement, if they want to sustain their position of market leader. This case study is aimed at applying the theoretical side of the study of operations management to a real world company. Operations management is a very broad term and thus it incorporates within itself many various issues and activities through which an organization’s goods and services are changed and transformed from the inputs that were put to the outputs that are produced. It is about the various operations that are performed on the goods and services from the moment their production starts to the moment the customer receives it. In this report, Britain-based company Tesco has been aimed and its operations management activities have been analyzed. Recommendations on how OM activities can be improved have also been given. The report also evaluates the various financials behind the activities as well as the budget that may be required. The problem faced by Tesco is that of sustaining its market leader position. Competition from Sainsbury and other leading retail stores is a big threat for Tesco and it does not want to lose out on market share to these competitors. Thus, improving on operations management is one of the basic things that it can

Incidence of Finger Defects: Gender Comparison

Incidence of Finger Defects: Gender Comparison Abstract The study was done to see the incidence of the finger defect and to develop a nomenclature system with the help of questionnaire, clinical examination, and radiographs of the finger defects obtained in two standard planes.The results of this study demonstrate that finger injuries were common males than females and the defect was more common in the right hands and in middle fingers. Amputation was more common at the level of distal phalanges. Keywords: Finger injuries, machinery, car accident 1. Introduction Fingers are amongst the most mobile and active parts of the body. Fingers are injured daily activities like working, eating, playing and other activities[1]. The congenital anomalies involving finger or the finger injury creates anxious ofproblems as well as long term functional disability and esthetic [1,2]. It is important to understand the incidence and causes of finger injuries. This will help the clinician for the diagnosis and treatment planning.The amount of tissue remaining, condition of the bone and the number of fingers involved have to be considered when choosing suitable treatment option [3]. Several microsurgical techniques such as toe-foot-transfer, lengthening procedure and the use of osteo-cutaneous flap may offer opportunities to reconstruct the lost or missing phalanges [4]. The use of bone-anchored implant retained silicone finger prosthesis represents an alternative technique.Bone anchoring method is used since 1994 for the rehabilitation of finger defects [5]. The aim of this study is to study the incidence of the finger defect in Golden Jubilee Medical Center, Mahidol University from 2012 to 2014 by developing a nomenclature system developed by Maxillofacial Prosthetic and Orthopedic Department with the help of history, clinical examination, and radiographs of the remaining stump of the finger and digit. 2. Methods This retrospective study of thepatient’s record of the finger defect between 2012 to 2014 at the Golden Jubilee Medical Center. This study involved total 10 patients and 16 treated fingers.The study protocol was approved by the Committee in University Hospital. The demographic data collected were include the sex, causes of the defect, involved hand, finger and digital bone as shown in Table 1 and 2. The radiographs of the finger defects were obtained in two standard planes in each patient (Figure 1). The mode of treatments received was also recorded. The Mahidol University [MU]system consists of 1 alphabetic and 2 numeric symbols. Each hand is composed of carpel, metacarpal and the digits with Phalanges. The alphabetic symbol indicates the right â€Å"R† or left â€Å"L† side. The 5 digits in each hand (Thumb, Index, Middle, Ring and Little finger) are denoted by the numbers as elaborated in Table 3. Each digit has 3 bones i.e. proximal, middle and distal phalanx except the thumb which is comprised of only proximal and distal phalanx. The remaining of each phalanx bone in each digit is further indicated with the numerical symbols (Table 4). During the evaluation of the cases, the partial remaining of the phalanx bone were also observed. These incomplete or partial remaining of phalanx bone is denoted by the alphabet â€Å"I†. 3. Results This study showed the incidence of finger defect was greater in male (60%) and the common acquired causes of the finger defect were machinery (44.44%), car accident (11.11%), explosion (11.11%), assault (11.11%), others (22.22%) as shown in the Table 3. The finger defect was present more on right side (70%) and the involved fingers were as thumb (16.66%), index finger (22.22%), middle finger (27.77%), ring finger (22.22%), little finger (11.11%) as shown in the Table 4. The involved digit were as distal phalange (35.29%), distal and middle (23.35%), distal, middle and proximal (29.41%), and, distal and proximal (11.17%). The diagnosis according to the MU system was described in the Table 4. 4. Discussion In this study, the higher incidence of finger defect in male may be related to the occupation and the activities. Normally, right hand side is dominant during function and work therefore, the defect was observed more on right hand side of males. In female patients, the mishaps occurred during domestic activities for instance cutting and chopping action therefore, left hand side was mostly affected. The type of the finger defect (involved finger, number and level of amputations) results in the compromise in the specific type of the function. The common functions of the fingers are as follows: thumb is used for writing, grasping, holding;index finger is used for pressing and grasping; middle fingers isused for writing, grasping and holding compared to ring and little finger. Regarding the impact on function, the effect from the distal amputation are minimal than the proximal levels. This also affects the patient’s motivation towards restoration. The cause of the finger defect is also related with the resultant anatomy of the defect. The finger defect that results from sharp object or burn are not much deformed compared to the defects due to an accident and outside activities. The accident and outside activities often results is crushing of the finger bone and results in deformed remaining stump which is difficult to restore. Regarding the treatment of finger defect, mostly, the surgical rehabilitation doesn’t result the best esthetic and causes the disability in the donor site [6], therefore, prosthetic rehabilitation is preferred. The vacuum or implant retained are two options for the prosthetic rehabilitation which is decided depending upon the level of amputation, extent of the defect and structures preserved on the injured finger or hand. Treatment of the finger defect depends on the remaining stump of the amputated finger which should be minimally 1.5 cm in length for the conventional friction fit silicone prostheses [7].The shorter stumps may cause the problem of instability of the prostheses. Therefore, the role of implant becomes important which also help some level of tactile sensation. The quality of the life after the finger prosthesis is increased. Regarding the surgical techniques, one-stage technique for the implant placement in implant retained finger prosthesis is safe, reliable and efficient in metacarpal and phalangeal bone if primary stability is optimal [8].Finite Element Analysis (FEA) have been used to study the effects of various shapes of dental implants on distribution of stresses generated in the surrounding bone and to determine an optimal thread shape for better stress distribution. The non-uniform stress pattern at bone and might induce biomechanical overloading failures in implant and bone [9, 10]. The limitation of the current study is the less number of the patients. This study only included the patients who refused for the surgical rehabilitation and referred for the prosthetic rehabilitation after the surgical amputation. 5. Conclusion Finger injuries were common males than females and the defect was more common in the right hands and in middle fingers. Amputation was more common at the level of distal phalanges. Prosthetic replacement using finger prosthesis helped to improve the quality of the life of the patients. Conflict of Interests The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Eating Disorders in Elite Athletes: Prevalence and Risks Eating Disorders in Elite Athletes: Prevalence and Risks Being an elite level athlete, an immense amount of pressure is placed on athletes to perform at their very best, often times leaving them yearning to achieve the top physical fitness that they can reach. This level of physical ‘fitness’ and ‘leanness’ has been not only exaggerated in sports, but also in modern media that is associated with the industry that is today’s sports. Over the years, this has lead to eating disorders in those not only at an elite level, but in all sports. Disordered eating has substantial and devastating effects on the physical body, although it stems from a mental illness. Not only is the prevalence of eating disorders in high-level female athletes apparent, but also the associated risks with the development of the disorder are detrimental to performance. It is important to note the susceptibility of athletes to acquire the eating disorder, in addition to taking a closer look at the variability of the development in weight de pendent sports that focus on leanness versus non-weight dependent sports (Wells, 2015). In addition, once it has been understood how disordered eating arises, it is key to look into the prevention of the potential development of eating disorders in the elite level of athletics. The purpose of this paper is to look at the prevalence of eating disorders in athletes compared to their non-athlete counterparts, the risk factor of developing the disorder in a lean vs. non-lean sport, as well as the physiological harm an eating disorder can cause and ways to prevent the development of one. The compiled look at these ideas is important in helping to better the overall mental health of the athletes and recognize where these behaviors stem from, to hopefully lower the frequency in the upcoming years. Eating disorders in the athletic population, more specifically the female athletic population, are obtaining increasing attention. (Brownell, et al., 1992) However, the exact causes of eating disorders are not known, and look to be a combination of psychological, biological and social factors. In studies, there have been claims that female athletes look to be more vulnerable to eating disorders, more specifically to Anorexia Nervosa, Anorexia Athletica and Bulimia Nervosa than those females in the general population. (Sundgot-Borgen, 1996) Amongst the rationale proposed for the high occurrence of both subclinical and clinical eating disorders among female athletes includes the â€Å"attraction-to-sport† hypothesis (Thompson et al., 1993), exercise induced anorexia nervosa (Epling   and Pierce, 1988), dieting and body weight cycling (Brownell et al., 1992), personality factors (Yates, 1989), early start of sport-specific training (Sundgot-Borgen, 1994), traumatic events (Sund got-Borgen, 1994), and the impact of coaches as well as their strength trainers (Rosen and Hough, 1988). In a study conducted in Norway, the clinical and subclinical eating disorders in young, modern rhythmic gymnasts on the national team were assessed. The subjects of the study included 12 members of the national team, ranging in ages from thirteen to twenty years old, and they were individually paired with nonathletic control subjects. All of the subjects took part in a structured clinical interview for eating disorders, as well as medical examinations and dietary analysis. The results showed that two of the participants met the criteria for anorexia nervosa, while two others met the requirements for anorexia athletica. Every single one of the gymnasts were dieting at some point during the study, although they were already extremely lean. In relation to their non-athletic counterparts, the athletes scored significantly higher than their age-matched control when assessed for the eating disorder inventory. (Sundgot-Borgen, 1996) Furthermore, Beals and Monroe in Arizona suggest that the prevalence of eating disorders, as well as the excessive concerns regarding body weight in female athletes, are increasing constantly. In addition to the pressures placed upon female athletes to improve their performances as well as their physiques, the general sociocultural demand thrust upon women to be thin frequently results in unlikely body weight and size goals. (Beals and Monroe, 1994). Looking at the associated risk of developing an eating disorder as an athlete, Folscher and her peers observed that worldwide female participation in endurance events might place the athletes at risk for the female athlete triad. In the study, only about 7.5% of the female marathoners even knew about the triad’s existence, despite the fact that 44.1% of the athletes were high risk for developing the triad. Around one-third of the participants showed disordered eating behaviors with almost half reported restrictive eating behaviors. The study found that the athletes were more likely to experience disordered eating when participating in an elite event, when compared to those that were not. (Folscher et al., 2015) In addition, in the athletic training and health centers at National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I, II, and III institutions, studies were conducted comparing athletes to non-athletes using questionnaires. In contrast to the other studies, the findings were generally positive, indicating that female student athletes have high levels of self-concept, and are at low risk to develop eating disorders. However, even with these encouraging results, it does not mean that all concerns can be overlooked, seeing as though there are still athletes who are at risk to develop an eating disorder (McLester, 2014). Continuing on the topic of prevalence, in a study comparing disordered eating behaviors in undergraduate female collegiate athletes and non-athletes, Reinking and Alexander found that female athletes did not exhibit more disordered eating symptoms in general, however, the data suggested that lean-sport athletes were more susceptible to developing an eating disorder than their non-lean sport counterparts. (Reinking, 2005). Overall, the prevalence of eating disorders in female athletes at an elite level is gaining more attention amongst competitors. A combination of psychological, social factors and biological predispositions lead to the eventual development of disordered eating among the high-level female athletic population, and in more cases than not, elite athletes display an increased risk for the development of eating disorders than their non-athletic colleagues, in addition to being at risk for having a higher prevalence of eating disordered by close to 14 to 19% compared to their male counterparts (Anderson, 2012). Sports that emphasize body composition (also known as lean sports), are frequently associated with driving women towards disordered eating habits in order to reach an ‘elite’ athlete body type. (Beals, 2004) In a study conducted by Wells et al., eighty-three varsity female athletes from eight separate Campbell University sports teams were observed, and were separated based on lean and non-lean sports. The results of the study showed that there was a significant difference between lean and non-lean sports, indicating that lean sports exhibit a higher risk for developing an eating disorder when compared to athletes participating in non-lean sports. In addition, it appears that a likely influence of disordered eating in these female athletes emerge from external social influences (Wells, 2015).    Likewise, in a 2016 study derived from German Young Olympic Athletes (GOAL), the researchers objectively looked at the factors regarding eating disorder pathology in female youth athletes, as there are scarce studies that focus on the elite adolescents. During this stage in their life, they are highly vulnerable developmentally and are affected not only by general but sport-specific risk factors as well. The results concluded that those who were at high risk for developing a disorder comprised of athletes in weight dependent sports (lean sports), in addition to athletes who are high on negative affectivity, female athletes in general, and male athletes who participate in endurance, technical or power sports. These athletes that competed in lean sports showed signs of compensatory behaviors to influence their body weight, in addition to reporting increased levels of depression and anxiety than their athlete counterparts without eating disorder pathology. (Giel, et al., 2016) Risk factors are key in understanding the concept of the susceptibility of groups of athletes in the development of the disorder, as well as certain trigger factors that could be responsible for precipitating the exacerbation or onset of disordered eating. In a study conducted by Sundgot-Borgen, elite female athletes were assessed to identify risk and trigger factors for anorexia athletica, anorexia nervosa, and bulimia nervosa. Of the athletes studies, the prevalence of the clinical and subclinical pathologies were significantly higher in sports that emphasized leanness, or a specific weight, than in those sports where body image is considered less important. (Sundgot-Borgen, 1994) Further, athletes that perform at higher levels of athletic competition show increased levels of pathological clinical and subclinical eating disorders. As a population as a whole that have been identified for the development of disordered eating, identifying subgroups within of who is more likely to develop the malady is key in finding a way to prevent it in the future. Generally, athletes in sports that emphasize lean physique, as well as weight restrictions in the sport are more vulnerable to progress into an eating disorder than those athletes that do not compete in those types of sports, as well as non-athlete controls (Picard, 1999). Eating disorders can be devastating not only psychologically, but physiologically as well. The complications stem from three main mechanisms: undereating, purging, and low body weight. Long-term eating disorders reduce the quality of muscular fitness, leading to a constant state of tiredness and weakness that is extremely difficult to recover from. In addition to the physical manifestations, the psychosocial functioning of athletes is severely under functioning as well. The overvaluation of shape, weight and eating control, and using them as such to determine one’s self-worth are regarded as the main psychopathology of eating disorders. Interpersonal functioning is impaired, and mood and cognition are negatively affected, in severe cases detrimentally influencing not only education but physical performance of the athlete as well.   (El Ghoch, 2013) Recognition that intervention programs and preventative methods are necessary have been apparent for quite some time now, allowing research to shift towards suggestions in prevention methods. Looking at several health educational intervention methods for collegiate female athletes, Abood and Black found four that worked as ways to aid in prevention. Intervening in the athletes understanding of self-esteem, and exploring the factors that affect self-esteem, including body image, positive and negative self-talk, realistic and unrealistic expectations, as well as feedback from peers, was a key way in which to alter the course of the development of the disorder. Stress management to counteract the anxiety derived from the disorder was effective at reframing the mindset, using methods such as diaphragmatic breathing, progressive relaxation and visualization as coping methods. Education on nutrition was further established as a preventative measure, where caloric needs of the female athlet e were discussed with them, as well as nutrition beliefs and myths, and the athletes were given guidelines for healthy approaches to weight management. Finally, goal setting education as a method to reduce anxiety of body image distortions was established through short and long term goals, synchronization of those goals with a coach and the evaluation of those goals with others. An education focus on the importance of health instead of attention to the harmful effects of pathogenic weight loss appear to be a more productive method of producing positive changes. Participating in educational interventions in athletes who are at risk or have already developed the disorder seems to protect from further decline in self-esteem, and reduces the athletes’ drive for thinness (Abood, 2000). Prevention of eating disorders focuses on thwarting the emergence of the illness or disorder, typically by identifying the correlations and risk factors that may contribute to the development of the affliction. The American Academy of Pediatrics, the International Olympic Committee Medical Commission, and the American College of Sports Medicine have recommended national and international sports federations to implement policies to eliminate harmful weight-loss practices (Coelho, 2014). Primary prevention focuses on education and instruction to prevent extreme dieting and the onset of the eating disorder. Furthermore, protecting athletes from factors that can predispose them to the development of the disorder should begin as early as 9-11 years of age (Sundgot-Borgen, 1993). Numerous studies have shown that various intervention methods have positive results. These interventional programs addressed not only the de-stigmatization of eating disorders through discussion, but also the harm ful effects of pathogenic weight loss, and healthy nutritional practices to implement for sufficient energy availability (Coelho, 2014). Furthermore, because of the sport specific correlations and risk factors, prevention programs should be shaped to each individual type of sport, as well as various athlete groups (more specifically adolescents, due to their developmental stage and susceptibility) (Coelho, 2014). Not only should the athletes themselves be informed, but also coaches and health professionals that directly interact with the athlete should be better educated. In response to the epidemic that are eating disorders, the National Athletic Trainers’ Association (NATA) released a position statement on the prevention of eating disorders in athletes, which recommended athletic trainers as well as health professionals to be able to first detect signs of disordered eating, including clinical features and behavioral warning signs, and identify predisposing risk factors. Some of the psychological and behavioral characteristics that are identified in athletes with eating disorders are dieting which is unnecessary, ritualistic eating patters, social withdrawal, depression, compulsiveness, etc. These signs can be apparent or not, but having a professional who can recognize these symptoms is key in the prevention of further development. In addition, mandatory educational programs for all involved in athletics should be implemented annually, describing the risks associated with eating disorders. (Bonci, et al., 2008) An example of an educational program that had high success rate was implemented in a high-risk school setting in 1999. The world-class residential ballet school housed both female and male students aged 10-18, and employed a prevention program that followed the paradigm of health promoting schools as outline by the World Health Organization, involving systemic changes in addition to direct interventions with students. The study used various measures to compare between the baseline cohort and later ones, which revealed significant reductions in disordered eating patterns and attitudes about body shape and eating (Piran, 1999). Being able to recognize the signs and then preventing the eating disorder from developing is key in the day-to-day lives of athletes who participate at a high-level, or anticipate to compete at an elite status eventually. Understanding the serious physiological harm disordered eating can lead to is an important aspect of prevention, as well as establishing social circumstances and high-risk situations that can lead to an eating disorder. Education is one of the most profound ways to prevent the development of eating disorders, and should be implemented across the board at any high-level athletic institution.   Future Research Directions and Implications for Practice Understanding what the prevalence, and the associated risks are with eating disorders can be practically implicated across the board. Acknowledging the problem that modern athletics face with the prevalence of eating disorders, coaches are just one group of people that need to be more aware of the imposed demands they place on athletes. Using cooperative methods, coaches are able to provide practical solutions to the issues of overtraining and under eating, as well as be able to identify signs of eating disorders earlier (Thompson, 1993). In the clinical setting, more specifically in collegiate athletics by health professionals, understanding the signs and symptoms, as well as being able to identify the high-risk athletes who are more susceptible to developing an eating disorder based on the sport they participate in (Giel, 2016). This has even been exemplified through the NATA position statement, where understanding all aspects of eating disorder emergence in athletes has lead to increased prevention, as well as interception of those who were on the track to developing an eating disorder based on their participation in elite athletics (Bonci, et al., 2008). In addition to coaches and health professionals, athletes themselves being able to recognize the unhealthy behaviors and coping tactics in regards to their own idea of body and self, as well as understanding what is expected of them in terms of aesthetic and performance, is essential in the prevention and decrease of eating disorder prevalence across the board. Being able to apply the knowledge from educational programs, and practically implicating not only those but also the identifying risk factors are essential in the future decrease of eating disorders (Sundgot-Borgen, 1994). An interesting area for future research would be to explore the inclusion of individualized health-enhancing physical activity programs in patients that have been diagnosed with eating disorders, and how that would play into the athletes return to participation of their competitive sport, following withdrawal due to the illness. Being able to healthily control an athlete’s relationship between sport and mind is essential to the safe return to participation, and denoting a positive relationship between the physical activity programs for patients recovering from eating disorders would be essential. This area of study has just been funded by the NIH, and will most likely be published within the next couple of years. Further research could also be applied in the development of the disorder in pre-pubescent versus pubescent versus post-pubescent athletes, and compare how the susceptibility in the development of the disorder changes based on age, more specifically athletes who begin competing at an elite level at an early age. As depicted in the study by Giel, there is a lack of knowledge on adolescent athletes and how age plays a role in the development of eating disorders at an elite level, and it would be helpful for not only health professionals, but also coaches and athletes to understand how age plays a factor. (Giel, 2016) In addition, a longitudinal controlled-large scale intervention study would be extremely helpful in identifying not only prevalence, but also risk factors and prevention methods. This study would be most beneficial if it was conducted based on varying sports, but also sex specific, as well as denoted based on age groups. Conclusion Overall, eating disorders are a common and very serious health problem. As advanced as we have become as a nation, the athletic world should be better equipped for not only preventing the emergence of these problems, but also identifying the prevalence among athletes as well as what sport specific factors may lead to its manifestation. The prevalence of eating disorders are found to be higher in elite level female athletes than in their non-athletic peers, or in the general population (Reinking, 2005). Even amongst athletes, the prevalence of eating disorders varies based on the specific sport that is competed in, with weight focused or ‘lean’ sport competitors having an increased risk of developing a disorder, whether it be clinical or subclinical (Picard, 1999). Further, the implementations of programs that are focused on not only the education of athletes but health professionals as well have been shown to decrease the prevalence of eating disorders (Coelho, 2014). Us ing this knowledge about eating disorders, the information should be applied throughout everyday participation in athletics, not matter what level it is at. However, there is still a need to learn more about the development of the disorder age-wise, as well as the enactment of a long term study focusing on all aspects of the eating disorder development, based on specific sports and age ranges. The take home message of this paper is that athletes, coaches, and health professionals alike should be better educated at understanding the prevalence of eating disorders in athletes compared to their non-athletic counterparts, in addition to coping with the risks that stem from participating in a ‘lean’ sport, while at the same time knowing how to solve the problem if it were to arise. References Abood, DA. (2000) Health education prevention for eating disorders among college female athletes. American Journal of Health Behavior.24(3):209. http://doi.org/10.5993/AJHB.24.3.6 Anderson C, Petrie TA. (2012) Prevalence of disordered eating and pathogenic weight control behaviors among NCAA division in female collegiate gymnasts and swimmers. Res Q Exerc Sport 83(1): 120-124, Beals, K. A., & Manore, M. M. (1994). The Prevalence and Consequences of Subclinical Eating Disorders in Female Athletes.  International Journal of Sport Nutrition,4(2), 175-195. doi:10.1123/ijsn.4.2.175 Beals KA. (2004) Disordered Eating Among Athletes: A Comprehensive Guide for Health Professionals: Human Kinetics. Bonci, C. M., Bonci, L. J., Granger, L. R., Johnson, C. L., Malina, R. M., Milne, L. W., . . . Vanderbunt, E. M. (2008). National Athletic Trainers Association Position Statement: Preventing, Detecting, and Managing Disordered Eating in Athletes.  Journal of Athletic Training,43(1), 80-108. doi:10.4085/1062-6050-43.1.80 Brownell, K.D., J. Rodin, and J.H. Wilmore (Eds.). (1992) Eating, Body Weight and Performance in Athletes. Disorders of Modem Society. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger, pp. 3-14. Coelho, G. M. de O., Gomes, A. I. da S., Ribeiro, B. G., & Soares, E. de A. (2014). Prevention of eating disorders in female athletes.  Open Access Journal of Sports Medicine,  5, 105–113. http://doi.org/10.2147/OAJSM.S36528 El Ghoch, M., Soave, F., Calugi, S., & Dalle Grave, R. (2013). Eating Disorders, Physical Fitness and Sport Performance: A Systematic Review.  Nutrients,  5(12), 5140–5160. http://doi.org/10.3390/nu5125140 Epling, W.F., and W.D. Pierce. Activity based anorexia nervosa. Int. J. Eating Disorders 7:475-485, 1988 Folscher, L.-L., Grant, C. C., Fletcher, L., & Janse van Rensberg, D. C. (2015). Ultra-Marathon Athletes at Risk for the Female Athlete Triad.  Sports Medicine Open,  1, 29. http://doi.org/10.1186/s40798-015-0027-7 Giel, K. E., Hermann-Werner, A., Mayer, J., Diehl, K., Schneider, S., Thiel, A., & Zipfel, S. (2016). Eating disorder pathology in elite adolescent athletes.  International Journal of Eating Disorders,49(6), 553-562. doi:10.1002/eat.22511 McLester, C. N., Hardin, R., & Hoppe, S. (2014). Susceptibility to Eating Disorders Among Collegiate Female Student–Athletes.  Journal of Athletic Training,  49(3), 406–410. http://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-49.2.16 ­ Reinking, M. F., & Alexander, L. E. (2005). Prevalence of Disordered-Eating Behaviors in Undergraduate Female Collegiate Athletes and Nonathletes.  Journal of Athletic Training,  40(1), 47–51. Rosen, L.W., and D.O. Hough. (1988) Pathogenic weight-control behavior in female college gymnasts. Phys. Sportsmed. 16(9): 141- 146. Picard, C. L. (1999). The Level of Competition as a Factor for the Development of Eating Disorders in Female Collegiate Athletes.  Journal of Youth and Adolescence,28(5), 583-594. doi:10.1023/a:1021606710398 Piran, N. (1999). Eating Disorders: A Trial of Prevention in a High Risk School Setting.  Journal of Primary Prevention,20(1), 75-90. doi:10.1023/A:1021358519832 Sundgot-Borgen, J. (1993). Prevalence of Eating Disorders in Elite Female Athletes.  International Journal of Sport Nutrition,3(1), 29-40. doi:10.1123/ijsn.3.1.29 Sundgot-Borgen, J. (1994) Risk and trigger factors for the development of eating disorders in female elite athletes. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 26(4):414-419. Sundgot-Borgen, J. (1996). Eating Disorders, Energy Intake, Training Volume, and Menstrual Function in High-Level Modern Rhythmic Gymnasts [Abstract].  International Journal of Sports Nutrition,6(2), 100-109. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsn.6.2.100 Thompson, R.A., and R.T. Sherman. (1993) Helping Athletes With Eating Disorders. Human Kinetics. Yates, A. (1989) Current perspectives on the eating disorders: History, psychological and biological aspects. J. Am. Acad. Child Adoles. Psychiatry 28(6):8 13-828. Wells, E.K, Chin, A.d., Tache J.A, & Bunn, J.A. (2015). Risk of Disordered Eating Among Division I Female College Athletes.  International Journal of Exercise Science,  8(3), 256–264.

Nervous System :: essays research papers

Nervous System The two types of the nervous system are the Central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system. They are responsible for integrating, processing, and coordinating Sensory data and motor commands the central nervous system, which interprets sensory input and carry information to maintain homeostasis. CNS canà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t be regenerate because a CNS consists of the spinal cord that mean if ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s break the spinal cord is break also. The peripheral nervous system consists of the nerves that branch from the brain and spinal cord. It is a thick bundle of nerve fibers located within the spinal cord. The PNS can be regenerate and it will regrow. The brain and spinal cord are the main parts of the nervous system. The brain controls every part of your body and is located top of our head inside our skull. The spinal cord with controls our movement. Nerve cells contain 3 parts: dendrites, cell body and the axon. Dendrite is the receiving part of the neuron. It is a short extension of the cell body And send signals toward the cell body and the cell body conducts nerve impulses which in the transmission of the nerve impulses from the region to the other cell. The axon is a single extension carries the message to the next neuron, which controls all of the nerves. The nerve impulse is response of the neuron. There are 3 classes of neurons: sensory neurons, motor neurons, and interneurons. Neurons are also called nerve cells. A sensory neuron takes information from a receptor to the CNS. A motor neuron takes information away from the CNS. An interneuron transfer information between neurons in the CNS. It also sending out signal to the muscles resulting in contraction or movement. Nerves impulse occurs when an action potential changes rapidly. When action potential occurs, the sodium gates will open as Na+ flowing into the axon the changes from à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"65mV to +40mV, this is call depolarization and during repolarization the charge as k+exits the axon from +40 mV to à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"65mV.

Outline of Plague Essay

Prompt: Analyze the various responses to the outbreaks of plague from the fifteenth to the eighteenth centuries. Discuss the beliefs and concerns that these responses express. In the mid-fourteenth century of Europe, a deathly plague struck killing about 25 million people from a single fleabite. Once infected, a person would experience very high fevers, buboes, and die within a few days and it was an airborne disease making it an even more contagious disease. Depopulation, trading seized, and many people relocated are just some results of the plague. Many Europeans had numerous different beliefs and concerns about the plague such as fear, greed, or turning to faith for help. Topic sentence: Fear of the plague predominantly came from not knowing the cause of the disease and not knowing how to cure it. Supporting document #1: Document #2 Analysis sentence #1: Theologian Erasmus, fears the plague as he blames the filth and dirt on the streets for it and its spread. Supporting document #2: Document #6 Analysis sentence #2: Fear of the plague was also seen in Giovan Filippo’s, a Sicilian physician, statement. Extreme measures were taken including bonfires to burn anything infected, quarantines were built, and regulations were enforced to try and prevent the plague from spreading. Topic Sentence #2: As the plague swept through the nation, many Europeans exploited the plague realizing wealth was more important than anything else. Supporting document #3: Document #4  Analysis sentence #3: In the work The Deceptions of Demons by Johann Weyer, he discusses how the heirs of the dead smeared an infected cream on gate towns so that anyone who would touch it would catch the disease and die. They did this so they could acquire their inheritances faster. Supporting  document #4: Document #11 Analysis sentence #4: Nurses from Barcelona would take advantage of their patients by making them die faster instead of trying to heal them. All they wanted was to get their agreed upon fees and leave as quickly as they could. Topic Sentence #3: One final belief during the plague was turning to one’s faith or church for a cure and hope to survive. Supporting document #5: Document #7 Analysis sentence #5: A housewife Lisabetta, witnessed her husband heal after he ate a piece of bread that touched the body of St. Domenica. Supporting document #6: Document #9  Analysis sentence #6: A priest Father Dragoni wrote a letter to the Health Magistry of Florence stating that he fed the sick, helped them, and he paid the guards and gravediggers with charity from the lordships. However, a health official should have been sent to heal the sick and manage the houses. Conclusion (sentence or two): In conclusion, during the plague there were many beliefs and concerns including terror of being infected, exploitation, and looking to the Church for hope to survive through the plague.

How to Get a Job in College

How to Get a Job in College Knowing how to get a job in college can be challenging, especially if youre new on campus or youve never applied for an on-campus job before. And while each and every student worker plays an important role in helping make a college run better, there are definitely some jobs that are better than others. So how can you make sure that the job you get in college is a good one? Start Early There are undoubtedly other students, just like you, who want or need to get a job in college. Which means that there are lots of other people eager to apply for the job(s) you want to get, too. As soon as you know that you need or want to work during your time in school, start figuring out how and where to make the process happen. If at all possible, try to do some emailing or even applying before you officially arrive on campus for a new semester. Figure Out How Much Money You Want or Need to Make Before you start looking at listings, take a moment to sit down, make a budget, and figure out how much money you need or want to make from your on-campus job. Knowing the amount youll need to bring in each week will help you figure out what to look for. You may, for example, think the gig working at the theater is totally perfect, but if it only offers a few hours each weekend and you know youll need to work 10 hours a week, its no longer the perfect gig. Look at the Official Listings If youre applying for an on-campus job, chances are that all of the student jobs are posted in one central place, like the student employment or financial aid office. Head there first to avoid having to spend a ton of time trying to see if individual departments or offices are hiring. Dont Be Afraid to Ask Around and Network When people hear networking, they often think of schmoozing with people they dont really know at a cocktail party. But even on a college campus, its important to talk to people about what youd like in an on-campus job. Talk to your friends to see if they know of great places that are hiring or if theyve worked somewhere they particularly liked. If, for example, someone down the hall works at the mailroom, thinks its a great gig and is willing to put in a good word for you, voila! Thats networking in action. Apply Applying for on-campus jobs is usually a much lower-key process than applying for jobs at, say, a major department store or corporate office in town. That being said, its still important to appear professional when you apply for an on-campus job. No matter where you work on campus, youll undoubtedly be interacting with people off-campus, professors, upper-level administrators, and other important folks. Whoever hires you will want to make sure that when the community interacts with you, as a member and representative of their office, the interaction is positive and professional. So make sure you return phone calls or emails on time, show up for your interview on time, and dress in a way that makes sense for the position. Ask What the Time Line Is You may apply for a super-casual gig where they hire you on the spot. Or you may apply for something with a little more prestige where you need to wait a week or two (or more) before you hear if youve got the job or not. Its okay to ask during your interview when theyll be letting people know if they are being hired; that way, you can still apply for other jobs and be making progress while you wait. The last thing you want to do is shoot yourself in the foot by letting all the other good jobs slip by as you wait to hear from one specific place that ends up not hiring you. Although the first few weeks of any semester is a flurry of activity as students apply for on-campus jobs, everyone usually ends up landing something that they like. Being smart about the process can help increase the chances that youll end up with a job that not only provides a little cash but also lets you enjoy your time working in school.

W8 Balanced Score cards Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

W8 Balanced Score cards - Essay Example 2). For the current discourse, the aim is to select a company from the Balanced Scorecard Institute official website which applied the balanced scorecard approach and which led to facilitating the achievement of defined goals in a more efficient and effective manner. The selected company is Kenya Red Cross and the experience of applying the balanced scorecard was told from the point of view of its Chief Financial Officer (CFO) and Strategy Champion for the Kenya Red Cross Society, Arthur Omolo (Omolo, 2010). Evaluation of the Scorecard The organization’s balanced scorecard was shown in this link: http://balancedscorecard.org/Portals/0/PDF/KenyaRed%20CrossScorecardPoster.pdf. From the framework, the structure was classified into subsections which include the following: Mission, vision, core values, beneficiary value proposition; Strategic themes; Strategy map; Presentation of objectives, performance measures, target, and initiatives according to: Beneficiary, stakeholder; Finan cial stewardship; Business processes; and Organizational capacity. In terms of possessing the crucial ingredients of the balanced scorecard, the application strictly complied and adhered to the needed requirements; which contributed to its effectiveness. First and foremost, the explicit identification of the mission and vision statement was present and even included the value proposition which stated â€Å"Always There† to the beneficiaries of their services. The strategy map also vividly presented a visual summary of the objectives that would necessitate the design of strategies to effectively achieve them. Likewise, it was commendable that Kenya Red Cross presented an in-depth and comprehensive enumeration of the objectives, performance measures, targets, and initiatives that assisted in designing appropriate strategies which could be instrumental in facilitating the attainment of the identified goals. Overall, the structure and presentation was clear, straightforward, and highly commendable for following the essential elements required by the balanced scorecard approach (Kenya Red Cross, n.d.). As emphasized, there were enumerable benefits that were realized by the Kenya Red Cross due to the application of the balanced scorecard. According to Omolo (2010): â€Å"there are so many firsts with the balanced scorecard. Kenya Red Cross for the first time has a strategy that has performance measures and targets. For the first time we can present our strategy on a single sheet of paper. The balanced scorecard has changed the conversation on strategy and increased the focus on consistent monitoring of the strategy† (p. 2). Personal Reaction What did you like? Honestly, the experience relayed by Kenya Red Cross regarding the manner by which the balanced scorecard approach assisted in their ability to gauge the effectiveness of their strategies in achieving organizational objectives were inspiring and enlightening. I liked the way that the Chief Financi al Officer was able to communicate through the approach that in one comprehensive view, the organization is able to monitor their performance against mission, vision, and goals statements and inevitably assisted in adhering to the value proposition as required of the humanitarian organization. The most relevant realization that was relayed by Omolo (2010) focused on the ability of the balanced