Policy Process Essay Sample free essay sample

In the concern universe or political. policy devising is neer an easy undertaking. Policy doing procedure goes through five different phases before an thought is implemented and so it is either altered or solidified to go an enacted policy. The system policy-makers use provides cheques and balances that keep those in leading functions from possessing excessively much control over the policy-making procedure. The treatment will sketch the complete procedure of how a subject becomes a policy through the preparation. legislative. and execution phases. Formulation Phase The end of wellness attention policy is to advance and protect the wellness of the community and persons. This nonsubjective can be accomplished by authorities functionaries in ways that will esteem human rights. including privateness. nondiscrimination. and self-government ( Gostin. n. d. ) . The United States is a extremely complicated and diverse society. Indeed. wellness policies are weighed in by many groups ( Gostin. n. d. ) . Policymaking organic structures and groups that seek to act upon policies make it impossible to offer a comprehensive and systematic analysis of wellness policy preparation ( Gostin. We will write a custom essay sample on Policy Process Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page n. d. ) . However. the factors in developing sound wellness policies are the policies themselves. and they should non be subjected to scientific examination ( Gostin. n. d. ) . Furthermore. whether Americans seek to reform the wellness attention system. expand or curtail women’s picks to abort a kid. or to authorise or criminalize doctors who assist in a patient’s decease. society does non hold any precise manner in which to prove for the right attack ( Gostin. n. d. ) . Decisions on wellness policy reflect the picks between the appraisal of available informations and viing informations. Organizations stand foring. including involvement groups stand foring assorted wellness attention professionals. measure informations. and choose his or her values through his or her ain lenses. Therefore. groups comprised of well-meaning and extremely adept professionals frequently make different determinations about wellness policy. Framework is needed for authorities functionaries to develop a sound wellness policy. Developing a sound wellness policy has many factors. First. policy shapers should be cold-eyed and nonsubjective. Indeed. no struggle of involvement. professional inducements. or improper fiscal. Policymakers should understand the statements. informations presented to measure the policies objectively and moderately every bit good as balance viing values reasonably Gostin. n. vitamin D ) . Policymakers do non hold to be experts every bit long as they ha ve entree to expert advice. Second. answerability is besides of import for policy-makers determination devising. Third. determination shapers should be positioned to have and able to measure information objectively on facets of the wellness policy ( Gostin. n. d. ) . Although authorities entities may hold entree to a great trade of information. measuring the dependability of that information may be complicated ( Gostin. n. d. ) . It is in the best involvement of policy shapers to hold entree to objective and complete information from sensible and impersonal beginnings ( Gostin. n. d. ) . To develop sound wellness policies. determination shapers may seek information from one or several nonsubjective beginnings. Fourth. good considered standards for doing determinations aid policymakers in explicating ends. and set uping the scientific. societal. and choosing agencies of ethical parametric quantities for determination devising. Policymakers should utilize the undermentioned stairss for a guideline. * Policymakers should analyze the public involvement to find if the proposed policies. Seek to acco mplish a wellness aim. Besides define the wellness intent of the policy. * Policymakers should analyze the effectivity of the policy by garnering scientific informations to find if the policy will be effectual in accomplishing the end ( s ) . * Policymakers should measure if the policy is well-targeted on the wellness job and tailored to turn to the particular job. Legislation Phase Ideas are hammered into policies before given to Congress. Legislations begin with constructs and thoughts. Concepts and thoughts can come from many beginnings. Legislative is the procedure of authorities by which measures are considered and Torahs are enacted ( Dykes. 2009 ) . Legislative procedure is as follows. Bills are introduced into the senate house of representatives or the province senate. The Legislator who introduces the measure may do little comments refering the measure that is introduced ( Dykes. 2009 ) . The comments are recorded in the Senate Journal. Afterwards the measure is assigned to the commission of congressional. To roll up information about the bill’s subject the commission holds a hearing ( Dykes. 2009 ) . Analysis and studies of the measure is considered by the commission and voted on. During this procedure the commission may replace or amend the measure with another measure ( Dykes. 2009 ) . If the measure is recommended by the commission it is sent to the House of Senate to be debated and voted on. To do the measure more appealing to the legislators it may be amended on the floor ( Dykes. 2009 ) . The Senate and House ballot on the measure. The ballots are recorded in the Senate Journal. If the Senate and the House passes the measure. it is sent to the other chamber of legislative for consideration ( Dykes. 2009 ) . If the other legislative chamber does non do any alterations and passes the indistinguishable version of the measure. the measure is sent to the president for reappraisal ( Dykes. 2009 ) . The President can subscribe the measure into jurisprudence or veto it. If the measure is vetoed. Congress can try to overrule the President’s veto ( Dykes. 2009 ) . In the Senate and the House this takes two-thirds ballot. After the President marks the measure or Congress overrides a veto. the measure becomes a jurisprudence officially. The measure is assigned an official jurisprudence figure and is listed as portion of United States Code ( Dykes. 2009 ) . Definitions and footings used by legislative. Appropriation- Without an one-year appropriation a plan or federal bureau can non run. Bill- the papers outlines a proposal by a legislative to either alteration bing jurisprudence by modifying. canceling. or adding current Torahs or fund appropriation. Committee- Members of a group that are assigned a set of duties. Earmark- when Congress has direct support to a specific entity in appropriations measure. Filibuster- Senator efforts to get the better of a measure by speaking indefinitely. and forestalling the Senate from voting on it. Germane- Means it is pertinent to the capable affair. Table- Means the measure is dead and will non go jurisprudence ( Dykes. 2009 ) . Execution Phase The execution procedure of a policy represents the phase where the authorities executes an adoptive policy specified by the statute law action ( Theodoulou A ; Kofinis. 2004 ) . Assorted authoritiess sections and bureaus at this phase are responsible for the several country of the policy are besides officially made responsible for the execution phase ( Theodoulou A ; Kofinis. 2004 ) . The execution phase is what happens after the measure becomes jurisprudence. After the authorities legitimizes the jurisprudence or ordinance. the conditions of that policy have to be put into action to convey about the alteration desired by the policy shapers ( Theodoulou A ; Kofinis. 2004 ) . The authorities executives designate the duty of the new policy to the authorities bureau ( Theodoulou A ; Kofinis. 2004 ) . The authorities bureau is given the authorization to guarantee the new policy is carried out as intended. but this does non ever go on ( Theodoulou A ; Kofinis. 2004 ) . Policies are i mplemented to consequence some alteration in the behaviour of a population mark. and it is the premise of some of the alteration will do the job better. Therefore. if the judicial admission of the policy is non carried out the job will go on to prevail ( Theodoulou A ; Kofinis. 2004 ) . Immediately after the philosophy of the new policy is implemented. the policy is evaluated in item to find if the consequences are obtained and if non. why non and what else needs to be changed. Government bureaus private contractors included are responsible for the execution of a policy. No affair how good formulated. good intentioned or supported universally in the acceptance stage of the policy procedure. a policy can non get down to work out a specific public job until person implements it ( Theodoulou A ; Kofinis. 2004 ) . Typically. each a policy includes a design of how the populace job will be resolved. The design defines in changing inside informations the policy end ( s ) . the bureau responsible for the execution of the policy. the instruments of the policy that will be used. the targeted population every bit good as the timetables ( Theo doulou A ; Kofinis. 2004 ) . The ground for the policy design is to do certain the right sets of instruments are matched with the identified job. and finally work outing the job ( Theodoulou A ; Kofinis. 2004 ) . Decision The system policy-makers use provides cheques and balances that keep those in leading functions from holding excessively much control over the policy-making procedure. Policy doing procedure normally goes through five different phases before an thought is implemented and it is either altered or solidified to go an enacted policy. The factors that are of import in developing sound wellness policies are the policies themselves. and they should non be subjected to scientific examination. The Legislative is the procedure of authorities by which measures are considered and Torahs are enacted. The execution procedure of a policy represents the phase where the authorities executes an adoptive policy that is specified by the statute law action. This phase of the procedure is how a measure becomes jurisprudence. Mentions Dykes. C. ( 2009 ) . Legislative History Research. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. jurisprudence. uh. edu/libraries/Publications/ResearchGuides/texasleghistory. htm Gostin. L. ( n. vitamin D ) . The Formulation of Health Policy by the Three Branches of Government. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. sleep. edu/openbook. php? record_id=4771 A ; page=335 Theodoulou. S. Z. ( 2004 A ; Kofinis. C. ( 2004 ) Public Policy-Making: Execution. Evaluation. Change and Termination. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //courses. worldcampus. psu. edu/welcome/plsc490/print. hypertext markup language

Spanish Place Names in the U.S.

Spanish Place Names in the U.S. Much of the United States was once part of Mexico, and Spanish explorers were among the first non-indigenous people to explore much of what is now the U.S. So wed expect that an abundance of places would have names coming from Spanish - and indeed thats the case. There are too many Spanish place names to list here, but here are some of the most well-known: U.S. State Names from Spanish California - The original California was a fictional place in the 16th-century book Las sergas de Esplandin by Garci Rodrà ­guez Ordà ³Ãƒ ±ez de Montalvo. Colorado - This is the past participle of colorar, which means to give something color, such as by dyeing. The participle, however, specifically refers to red, such as red earth. Florida - Probably a shortened form of pascua florida, literally meaning flowered holy day, referring to Easter. Montana - The name is an anglicized version of montaà ±a, the word for mountain. The word probably comes from the days when mining was a leading industry in the region, as the states motto is Oro y plata, meaning Gold and silver. Its too bad the à ± of the spelling wasnt retained; it would have been cool to have a state name with a letter not in the English  alphabet. New Mexico  - The Spanish  Mà ©xico  or  Mà ©jico  came from the name of an Aztec god. Texas - The Spanish borrowed this word, spelled Tejas in Spanish, from indigenous residents of the area. It relates to the idea of friendship. Tejas, although not used that way here, also can refer to roof tiles. Key Takeaways: Spanish Language Place Names Spanish-language place names abound in the United States in part because its history includes Spanish colonization and exploration.Many of the Spanish place names in the U.S. have been anglicized, such as by changing à ± to n and by dropping the accent marks from accented vowels.Many of the Spanish names are derived from the names of Roman Catholic saints and beliefs. Other U.S. Place Names From Spanish Alcatraz (California) - From alcatraces, meaning gannets (birds similar to pelicans). Arroyo Grande (California) - An arroyo is a stream. Boca Raton (Florida) - The literal meaning of boca ratà ³n is mouses mouth, a term applied to a sea inlet. Cape Canaveral (Florida) - From caà ±averal, a place where canes grow. Conejos River (Colorado) - Conejos means rabbits. District of Columbia; Columbia River (Oregon and Washington) - These and many other place names honor Christopher Columbus (Cristobal Colà ³n in Spanish), the Italian-Spanish explorer. El Paso (Texas) - A mountain pass is a paso; the city is on a historically major route through the Rocky Mountains. Fresno (California) - Spanish for ash tree. Galveston (Texas) - Named after Bernardo de Glvez, a Spanish general. Grand Canyon (and other canyons) - The English canyon comes from the Spanish caà ±Ãƒ ³n. The Spanish word can also mean cannon, pipe or tube, but only its geological meaning became part of English. Key West (Florida) - This may not look like a Spanish name, but it is in fact an anglicized version of the original Spanish name, Cayo Hueso, meaning Bone Key. A key or cayo is a reef or low island; that word originally came from Taino, an indigenous Caribbean language. Spanish speakers and maps still refer to the city and key as Cayo Hueso. Las Cruces (New Mexico) - Meaning the crosses, named for a burial site. Las Vegas - Means the meadows. Los Angeles - Spanish for the angels. Los Gatos (California) - Meaning the cats, for the cats that once roamed in the region. Madre de Dios Island (Alaska) - The Spanish means mother of God. The island, which is in Trocadero (meaning trader) Bay, was named by Galician explorer Francisco Antonio Mourelle de la Rà ºa. Merced (California) - The Spanish word for mercy. Mesa (Arizona) - Mesa, Spanish for table, came to be applied to a type of flat-topped geological formation. Nevada - A past participle meaning covered with snow, from nevar, meaning to snow. The word is also used for the name of the Sierra Nevada mountain range. A sierra is a saw, and the name came to be applied to a jagged range of mountains. Nogales (Arizona) - It means walnut trees. Rio Grande (Texas) - Rà ­o grande means large river. Sacramento - Spanish for sacrament, a type of ceremony practised in Catholic (and many other Christian) churches. Sangre de Cristo Mountains - The Spanish means blood of Christ; the name is said to come from blood-red glow of the setting sun. San _____ and Santa _____ (California and elsewhere) - Almost all the city names beginning with San or Santa - among them San Francisco, Santa Barbara, San Antonio, San Luis Obispo, San Jose, Santa Fe and Santa Cruz - come from Spanish. Both words are shortened forms of  santo,  the word for saint or holy. Sonoran Desert (California and Arizona) - Sonora is possibly a corruption of seà ±ora, referring to a woman. Strait of Juan de Fuca (Washington state) - Named after the Spanish version of Greek explorer Ioannis Phokass name. Phokas was part of a Spanish expedition. Toledo (Ohio) - Possibly named after the city in Spain.

When the status quo will amend Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

When the status quo will amend - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that the article of Cox and McCubbins develops an interest group model in which the lawmaker delegates his voting decision of his party leader. By that, the party leader has a plan for setting power. The model has six assumptions: members of assembly seek reelection to the House, the status of a member’s party affects his chance of reelection, a party’s standing depends on its lawmaking achievement, team engagement between legislators overcomes harmonization troubles, lawmaking members delegate to the central power and that the major explanation they do that is to delegate to his agenda acquiring power. The party’s head is the one who brings the agenda acquiring power. Therefore, in that respect is a bias to the majority party. The readings from the book Pivotal Politics attempt to understand in what cases gridlock happens. Gridlocks are when there will be no policy alteration from the status quo. The script sets off by explaining a few dissimilar hypotheses. It explains that gridlock is can be narrowed down if the majority party discusses bills with the minority party and it is even more uncommon if both the legislative and majority party are from the same party. Keith Krehbiel comes up with one directed model which depicts the ideology of the members of the house of Congress. It includes the median voter, the filibuster threshold, the president’s ideology and the veto threshold to override the president.

You decide Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

You decide - Essay Example Life is really complicated and we need to understand our aim and to do that we need to sit down and introspect. Many a time we come across situations in life where we have to make difficult choices and these difficult choices also decide our future, this poem is all about choosing the road which is less travelled, it also goes to show the courage of the poet who decides to take a path which is less travelled and there is a possibility of him getting lost but he is brave enough to try something different from others. This is what life is all about, we must be brave enough to trot a path less travelled, it may prove to be a wrong decision or it may prove to be a right decision, it is all about making choices when you are at the crossroads, this is what the poem is all about. At the very end the poet ponders over his choice, his life would have been much different had he taken the other road and this is very true. Our life would also be different had we made different decisions and had we taken the road less travelled, life is all about making the right, the most successful people often make the right choices. The poem has hidden meaning in it; the literal meaning of the poem is very easy to understand. A traveler reaches a fork in the road and is discombobulated because the road shows the traveler two choices, the traveler after much thinking, chooses the road less travelled by people. The figurative meaning of the poem reflects upon the choices that we make in our lives. We can either choose a road which is very frequently chosen by other people or we can choose to walk on a road which is hardly chosen by other people. After making our choice, we would always have regrets because the road not taken would always force us to think about the endless possibilities. This is what the poem is all about and this poem is really popular, Robert Frost became a household name because of this poem. Antithesis is quite conspicuous in the poem, the traveler has to

Operations management for creating competitive advantage Essay

Operations management for creating competitive advantage - Essay Example For instance, locations are first selected keeping in mind the country, then the region and lastly the site. Stakeholders, especially the shareholders are taken care of by maximizing the profits of the company and putting back profits in the betterment of the company only. Some of the recommendations that have been given are that of using mathematical techniques in choosing locations and the starting of slotting fees. The budget that will be used is to hire trained human resources and the huge costs for buying backward links that is suppliers. The innovative recommendation is that of using scent marketing. All in all, the company Tesco is practicing efficient operations management but there is always room for improvement, if they want to sustain their position of market leader. This case study is aimed at applying the theoretical side of the study of operations management to a real world company. Operations management is a very broad term and thus it incorporates within itself many various issues and activities through which an organization’s goods and services are changed and transformed from the inputs that were put to the outputs that are produced. It is about the various operations that are performed on the goods and services from the moment their production starts to the moment the customer receives it. In this report, Britain-based company Tesco has been aimed and its operations management activities have been analyzed. Recommendations on how OM activities can be improved have also been given. The report also evaluates the various financials behind the activities as well as the budget that may be required. The problem faced by Tesco is that of sustaining its market leader position. Competition from Sainsbury and other leading retail stores is a big threat for Tesco and it does not want to lose out on market share to these competitors. Thus, improving on operations management is one of the basic things that it can

Incidence of Finger Defects: Gender Comparison

Incidence of Finger Defects: Gender Comparison Abstract The study was done to see the incidence of the finger defect and to develop a nomenclature system with the help of questionnaire, clinical examination, and radiographs of the finger defects obtained in two standard planes.The results of this study demonstrate that finger injuries were common males than females and the defect was more common in the right hands and in middle fingers. Amputation was more common at the level of distal phalanges. Keywords: Finger injuries, machinery, car accident 1. Introduction Fingers are amongst the most mobile and active parts of the body. Fingers are injured daily activities like working, eating, playing and other activities[1]. The congenital anomalies involving finger or the finger injury creates anxious ofproblems as well as long term functional disability and esthetic [1,2]. It is important to understand the incidence and causes of finger injuries. This will help the clinician for the diagnosis and treatment planning.The amount of tissue remaining, condition of the bone and the number of fingers involved have to be considered when choosing suitable treatment option [3]. Several microsurgical techniques such as toe-foot-transfer, lengthening procedure and the use of osteo-cutaneous flap may offer opportunities to reconstruct the lost or missing phalanges [4]. The use of bone-anchored implant retained silicone finger prosthesis represents an alternative technique.Bone anchoring method is used since 1994 for the rehabilitation of finger defects [5]. The aim of this study is to study the incidence of the finger defect in Golden Jubilee Medical Center, Mahidol University from 2012 to 2014 by developing a nomenclature system developed by Maxillofacial Prosthetic and Orthopedic Department with the help of history, clinical examination, and radiographs of the remaining stump of the finger and digit. 2. Methods This retrospective study of thepatient’s record of the finger defect between 2012 to 2014 at the Golden Jubilee Medical Center. This study involved total 10 patients and 16 treated fingers.The study protocol was approved by the Committee in University Hospital. The demographic data collected were include the sex, causes of the defect, involved hand, finger and digital bone as shown in Table 1 and 2. The radiographs of the finger defects were obtained in two standard planes in each patient (Figure 1). The mode of treatments received was also recorded. The Mahidol University [MU]system consists of 1 alphabetic and 2 numeric symbols. Each hand is composed of carpel, metacarpal and the digits with Phalanges. The alphabetic symbol indicates the right â€Å"R† or left â€Å"L† side. The 5 digits in each hand (Thumb, Index, Middle, Ring and Little finger) are denoted by the numbers as elaborated in Table 3. Each digit has 3 bones i.e. proximal, middle and distal phalanx except the thumb which is comprised of only proximal and distal phalanx. The remaining of each phalanx bone in each digit is further indicated with the numerical symbols (Table 4). During the evaluation of the cases, the partial remaining of the phalanx bone were also observed. These incomplete or partial remaining of phalanx bone is denoted by the alphabet â€Å"I†. 3. Results This study showed the incidence of finger defect was greater in male (60%) and the common acquired causes of the finger defect were machinery (44.44%), car accident (11.11%), explosion (11.11%), assault (11.11%), others (22.22%) as shown in the Table 3. The finger defect was present more on right side (70%) and the involved fingers were as thumb (16.66%), index finger (22.22%), middle finger (27.77%), ring finger (22.22%), little finger (11.11%) as shown in the Table 4. The involved digit were as distal phalange (35.29%), distal and middle (23.35%), distal, middle and proximal (29.41%), and, distal and proximal (11.17%). The diagnosis according to the MU system was described in the Table 4. 4. Discussion In this study, the higher incidence of finger defect in male may be related to the occupation and the activities. Normally, right hand side is dominant during function and work therefore, the defect was observed more on right hand side of males. In female patients, the mishaps occurred during domestic activities for instance cutting and chopping action therefore, left hand side was mostly affected. The type of the finger defect (involved finger, number and level of amputations) results in the compromise in the specific type of the function. The common functions of the fingers are as follows: thumb is used for writing, grasping, holding;index finger is used for pressing and grasping; middle fingers isused for writing, grasping and holding compared to ring and little finger. Regarding the impact on function, the effect from the distal amputation are minimal than the proximal levels. This also affects the patient’s motivation towards restoration. The cause of the finger defect is also related with the resultant anatomy of the defect. The finger defect that results from sharp object or burn are not much deformed compared to the defects due to an accident and outside activities. The accident and outside activities often results is crushing of the finger bone and results in deformed remaining stump which is difficult to restore. Regarding the treatment of finger defect, mostly, the surgical rehabilitation doesn’t result the best esthetic and causes the disability in the donor site [6], therefore, prosthetic rehabilitation is preferred. The vacuum or implant retained are two options for the prosthetic rehabilitation which is decided depending upon the level of amputation, extent of the defect and structures preserved on the injured finger or hand. Treatment of the finger defect depends on the remaining stump of the amputated finger which should be minimally 1.5 cm in length for the conventional friction fit silicone prostheses [7].The shorter stumps may cause the problem of instability of the prostheses. Therefore, the role of implant becomes important which also help some level of tactile sensation. The quality of the life after the finger prosthesis is increased. Regarding the surgical techniques, one-stage technique for the implant placement in implant retained finger prosthesis is safe, reliable and efficient in metacarpal and phalangeal bone if primary stability is optimal [8].Finite Element Analysis (FEA) have been used to study the effects of various shapes of dental implants on distribution of stresses generated in the surrounding bone and to determine an optimal thread shape for better stress distribution. The non-uniform stress pattern at bone and might induce biomechanical overloading failures in implant and bone [9, 10]. The limitation of the current study is the less number of the patients. This study only included the patients who refused for the surgical rehabilitation and referred for the prosthetic rehabilitation after the surgical amputation. 5. Conclusion Finger injuries were common males than females and the defect was more common in the right hands and in middle fingers. Amputation was more common at the level of distal phalanges. Prosthetic replacement using finger prosthesis helped to improve the quality of the life of the patients. Conflict of Interests The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Eating Disorders in Elite Athletes: Prevalence and Risks Eating Disorders in Elite Athletes: Prevalence and Risks Being an elite level athlete, an immense amount of pressure is placed on athletes to perform at their very best, often times leaving them yearning to achieve the top physical fitness that they can reach. This level of physical ‘fitness’ and ‘leanness’ has been not only exaggerated in sports, but also in modern media that is associated with the industry that is today’s sports. Over the years, this has lead to eating disorders in those not only at an elite level, but in all sports. Disordered eating has substantial and devastating effects on the physical body, although it stems from a mental illness. Not only is the prevalence of eating disorders in high-level female athletes apparent, but also the associated risks with the development of the disorder are detrimental to performance. It is important to note the susceptibility of athletes to acquire the eating disorder, in addition to taking a closer look at the variability of the development in weight de pendent sports that focus on leanness versus non-weight dependent sports (Wells, 2015). In addition, once it has been understood how disordered eating arises, it is key to look into the prevention of the potential development of eating disorders in the elite level of athletics. The purpose of this paper is to look at the prevalence of eating disorders in athletes compared to their non-athlete counterparts, the risk factor of developing the disorder in a lean vs. non-lean sport, as well as the physiological harm an eating disorder can cause and ways to prevent the development of one. The compiled look at these ideas is important in helping to better the overall mental health of the athletes and recognize where these behaviors stem from, to hopefully lower the frequency in the upcoming years. Eating disorders in the athletic population, more specifically the female athletic population, are obtaining increasing attention. (Brownell, et al., 1992) However, the exact causes of eating disorders are not known, and look to be a combination of psychological, biological and social factors. In studies, there have been claims that female athletes look to be more vulnerable to eating disorders, more specifically to Anorexia Nervosa, Anorexia Athletica and Bulimia Nervosa than those females in the general population. (Sundgot-Borgen, 1996) Amongst the rationale proposed for the high occurrence of both subclinical and clinical eating disorders among female athletes includes the â€Å"attraction-to-sport† hypothesis (Thompson et al., 1993), exercise induced anorexia nervosa (Epling   and Pierce, 1988), dieting and body weight cycling (Brownell et al., 1992), personality factors (Yates, 1989), early start of sport-specific training (Sundgot-Borgen, 1994), traumatic events (Sund got-Borgen, 1994), and the impact of coaches as well as their strength trainers (Rosen and Hough, 1988). In a study conducted in Norway, the clinical and subclinical eating disorders in young, modern rhythmic gymnasts on the national team were assessed. The subjects of the study included 12 members of the national team, ranging in ages from thirteen to twenty years old, and they were individually paired with nonathletic control subjects. All of the subjects took part in a structured clinical interview for eating disorders, as well as medical examinations and dietary analysis. The results showed that two of the participants met the criteria for anorexia nervosa, while two others met the requirements for anorexia athletica. Every single one of the gymnasts were dieting at some point during the study, although they were already extremely lean. In relation to their non-athletic counterparts, the athletes scored significantly higher than their age-matched control when assessed for the eating disorder inventory. (Sundgot-Borgen, 1996) Furthermore, Beals and Monroe in Arizona suggest that the prevalence of eating disorders, as well as the excessive concerns regarding body weight in female athletes, are increasing constantly. In addition to the pressures placed upon female athletes to improve their performances as well as their physiques, the general sociocultural demand thrust upon women to be thin frequently results in unlikely body weight and size goals. (Beals and Monroe, 1994). Looking at the associated risk of developing an eating disorder as an athlete, Folscher and her peers observed that worldwide female participation in endurance events might place the athletes at risk for the female athlete triad. In the study, only about 7.5% of the female marathoners even knew about the triad’s existence, despite the fact that 44.1% of the athletes were high risk for developing the triad. Around one-third of the participants showed disordered eating behaviors with almost half reported restrictive eating behaviors. The study found that the athletes were more likely to experience disordered eating when participating in an elite event, when compared to those that were not. (Folscher et al., 2015) In addition, in the athletic training and health centers at National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I, II, and III institutions, studies were conducted comparing athletes to non-athletes using questionnaires. In contrast to the other studies, the findings were generally positive, indicating that female student athletes have high levels of self-concept, and are at low risk to develop eating disorders. However, even with these encouraging results, it does not mean that all concerns can be overlooked, seeing as though there are still athletes who are at risk to develop an eating disorder (McLester, 2014). Continuing on the topic of prevalence, in a study comparing disordered eating behaviors in undergraduate female collegiate athletes and non-athletes, Reinking and Alexander found that female athletes did not exhibit more disordered eating symptoms in general, however, the data suggested that lean-sport athletes were more susceptible to developing an eating disorder than their non-lean sport counterparts. (Reinking, 2005). Overall, the prevalence of eating disorders in female athletes at an elite level is gaining more attention amongst competitors. A combination of psychological, social factors and biological predispositions lead to the eventual development of disordered eating among the high-level female athletic population, and in more cases than not, elite athletes display an increased risk for the development of eating disorders than their non-athletic colleagues, in addition to being at risk for having a higher prevalence of eating disordered by close to 14 to 19% compared to their male counterparts (Anderson, 2012). Sports that emphasize body composition (also known as lean sports), are frequently associated with driving women towards disordered eating habits in order to reach an ‘elite’ athlete body type. (Beals, 2004) In a study conducted by Wells et al., eighty-three varsity female athletes from eight separate Campbell University sports teams were observed, and were separated based on lean and non-lean sports. The results of the study showed that there was a significant difference between lean and non-lean sports, indicating that lean sports exhibit a higher risk for developing an eating disorder when compared to athletes participating in non-lean sports. In addition, it appears that a likely influence of disordered eating in these female athletes emerge from external social influences (Wells, 2015).    Likewise, in a 2016 study derived from German Young Olympic Athletes (GOAL), the researchers objectively looked at the factors regarding eating disorder pathology in female youth athletes, as there are scarce studies that focus on the elite adolescents. During this stage in their life, they are highly vulnerable developmentally and are affected not only by general but sport-specific risk factors as well. The results concluded that those who were at high risk for developing a disorder comprised of athletes in weight dependent sports (lean sports), in addition to athletes who are high on negative affectivity, female athletes in general, and male athletes who participate in endurance, technical or power sports. These athletes that competed in lean sports showed signs of compensatory behaviors to influence their body weight, in addition to reporting increased levels of depression and anxiety than their athlete counterparts without eating disorder pathology. (Giel, et al., 2016) Risk factors are key in understanding the concept of the susceptibility of groups of athletes in the development of the disorder, as well as certain trigger factors that could be responsible for precipitating the exacerbation or onset of disordered eating. In a study conducted by Sundgot-Borgen, elite female athletes were assessed to identify risk and trigger factors for anorexia athletica, anorexia nervosa, and bulimia nervosa. Of the athletes studies, the prevalence of the clinical and subclinical pathologies were significantly higher in sports that emphasized leanness, or a specific weight, than in those sports where body image is considered less important. (Sundgot-Borgen, 1994) Further, athletes that perform at higher levels of athletic competition show increased levels of pathological clinical and subclinical eating disorders. As a population as a whole that have been identified for the development of disordered eating, identifying subgroups within of who is more likely to develop the malady is key in finding a way to prevent it in the future. Generally, athletes in sports that emphasize lean physique, as well as weight restrictions in the sport are more vulnerable to progress into an eating disorder than those athletes that do not compete in those types of sports, as well as non-athlete controls (Picard, 1999). Eating disorders can be devastating not only psychologically, but physiologically as well. The complications stem from three main mechanisms: undereating, purging, and low body weight. Long-term eating disorders reduce the quality of muscular fitness, leading to a constant state of tiredness and weakness that is extremely difficult to recover from. In addition to the physical manifestations, the psychosocial functioning of athletes is severely under functioning as well. The overvaluation of shape, weight and eating control, and using them as such to determine one’s self-worth are regarded as the main psychopathology of eating disorders. Interpersonal functioning is impaired, and mood and cognition are negatively affected, in severe cases detrimentally influencing not only education but physical performance of the athlete as well.   (El Ghoch, 2013) Recognition that intervention programs and preventative methods are necessary have been apparent for quite some time now, allowing research to shift towards suggestions in prevention methods. Looking at several health educational intervention methods for collegiate female athletes, Abood and Black found four that worked as ways to aid in prevention. Intervening in the athletes understanding of self-esteem, and exploring the factors that affect self-esteem, including body image, positive and negative self-talk, realistic and unrealistic expectations, as well as feedback from peers, was a key way in which to alter the course of the development of the disorder. Stress management to counteract the anxiety derived from the disorder was effective at reframing the mindset, using methods such as diaphragmatic breathing, progressive relaxation and visualization as coping methods. Education on nutrition was further established as a preventative measure, where caloric needs of the female athlet e were discussed with them, as well as nutrition beliefs and myths, and the athletes were given guidelines for healthy approaches to weight management. Finally, goal setting education as a method to reduce anxiety of body image distortions was established through short and long term goals, synchronization of those goals with a coach and the evaluation of those goals with others. An education focus on the importance of health instead of attention to the harmful effects of pathogenic weight loss appear to be a more productive method of producing positive changes. Participating in educational interventions in athletes who are at risk or have already developed the disorder seems to protect from further decline in self-esteem, and reduces the athletes’ drive for thinness (Abood, 2000). Prevention of eating disorders focuses on thwarting the emergence of the illness or disorder, typically by identifying the correlations and risk factors that may contribute to the development of the affliction. The American Academy of Pediatrics, the International Olympic Committee Medical Commission, and the American College of Sports Medicine have recommended national and international sports federations to implement policies to eliminate harmful weight-loss practices (Coelho, 2014). Primary prevention focuses on education and instruction to prevent extreme dieting and the onset of the eating disorder. Furthermore, protecting athletes from factors that can predispose them to the development of the disorder should begin as early as 9-11 years of age (Sundgot-Borgen, 1993). Numerous studies have shown that various intervention methods have positive results. These interventional programs addressed not only the de-stigmatization of eating disorders through discussion, but also the harm ful effects of pathogenic weight loss, and healthy nutritional practices to implement for sufficient energy availability (Coelho, 2014). Furthermore, because of the sport specific correlations and risk factors, prevention programs should be shaped to each individual type of sport, as well as various athlete groups (more specifically adolescents, due to their developmental stage and susceptibility) (Coelho, 2014). Not only should the athletes themselves be informed, but also coaches and health professionals that directly interact with the athlete should be better educated. In response to the epidemic that are eating disorders, the National Athletic Trainers’ Association (NATA) released a position statement on the prevention of eating disorders in athletes, which recommended athletic trainers as well as health professionals to be able to first detect signs of disordered eating, including clinical features and behavioral warning signs, and identify predisposing risk factors. Some of the psychological and behavioral characteristics that are identified in athletes with eating disorders are dieting which is unnecessary, ritualistic eating patters, social withdrawal, depression, compulsiveness, etc. These signs can be apparent or not, but having a professional who can recognize these symptoms is key in the prevention of further development. In addition, mandatory educational programs for all involved in athletics should be implemented annually, describing the risks associated with eating disorders. (Bonci, et al., 2008) An example of an educational program that had high success rate was implemented in a high-risk school setting in 1999. The world-class residential ballet school housed both female and male students aged 10-18, and employed a prevention program that followed the paradigm of health promoting schools as outline by the World Health Organization, involving systemic changes in addition to direct interventions with students. The study used various measures to compare between the baseline cohort and later ones, which revealed significant reductions in disordered eating patterns and attitudes about body shape and eating (Piran, 1999). Being able to recognize the signs and then preventing the eating disorder from developing is key in the day-to-day lives of athletes who participate at a high-level, or anticipate to compete at an elite status eventually. Understanding the serious physiological harm disordered eating can lead to is an important aspect of prevention, as well as establishing social circumstances and high-risk situations that can lead to an eating disorder. Education is one of the most profound ways to prevent the development of eating disorders, and should be implemented across the board at any high-level athletic institution.   Future Research Directions and Implications for Practice Understanding what the prevalence, and the associated risks are with eating disorders can be practically implicated across the board. Acknowledging the problem that modern athletics face with the prevalence of eating disorders, coaches are just one group of people that need to be more aware of the imposed demands they place on athletes. Using cooperative methods, coaches are able to provide practical solutions to the issues of overtraining and under eating, as well as be able to identify signs of eating disorders earlier (Thompson, 1993). In the clinical setting, more specifically in collegiate athletics by health professionals, understanding the signs and symptoms, as well as being able to identify the high-risk athletes who are more susceptible to developing an eating disorder based on the sport they participate in (Giel, 2016). This has even been exemplified through the NATA position statement, where understanding all aspects of eating disorder emergence in athletes has lead to increased prevention, as well as interception of those who were on the track to developing an eating disorder based on their participation in elite athletics (Bonci, et al., 2008). In addition to coaches and health professionals, athletes themselves being able to recognize the unhealthy behaviors and coping tactics in regards to their own idea of body and self, as well as understanding what is expected of them in terms of aesthetic and performance, is essential in the prevention and decrease of eating disorder prevalence across the board. Being able to apply the knowledge from educational programs, and practically implicating not only those but also the identifying risk factors are essential in the future decrease of eating disorders (Sundgot-Borgen, 1994). An interesting area for future research would be to explore the inclusion of individualized health-enhancing physical activity programs in patients that have been diagnosed with eating disorders, and how that would play into the athletes return to participation of their competitive sport, following withdrawal due to the illness. Being able to healthily control an athlete’s relationship between sport and mind is essential to the safe return to participation, and denoting a positive relationship between the physical activity programs for patients recovering from eating disorders would be essential. This area of study has just been funded by the NIH, and will most likely be published within the next couple of years. Further research could also be applied in the development of the disorder in pre-pubescent versus pubescent versus post-pubescent athletes, and compare how the susceptibility in the development of the disorder changes based on age, more specifically athletes who begin competing at an elite level at an early age. As depicted in the study by Giel, there is a lack of knowledge on adolescent athletes and how age plays a role in the development of eating disorders at an elite level, and it would be helpful for not only health professionals, but also coaches and athletes to understand how age plays a factor. (Giel, 2016) In addition, a longitudinal controlled-large scale intervention study would be extremely helpful in identifying not only prevalence, but also risk factors and prevention methods. This study would be most beneficial if it was conducted based on varying sports, but also sex specific, as well as denoted based on age groups. Conclusion Overall, eating disorders are a common and very serious health problem. As advanced as we have become as a nation, the athletic world should be better equipped for not only preventing the emergence of these problems, but also identifying the prevalence among athletes as well as what sport specific factors may lead to its manifestation. The prevalence of eating disorders are found to be higher in elite level female athletes than in their non-athletic peers, or in the general population (Reinking, 2005). Even amongst athletes, the prevalence of eating disorders varies based on the specific sport that is competed in, with weight focused or ‘lean’ sport competitors having an increased risk of developing a disorder, whether it be clinical or subclinical (Picard, 1999). Further, the implementations of programs that are focused on not only the education of athletes but health professionals as well have been shown to decrease the prevalence of eating disorders (Coelho, 2014). Us ing this knowledge about eating disorders, the information should be applied throughout everyday participation in athletics, not matter what level it is at. However, there is still a need to learn more about the development of the disorder age-wise, as well as the enactment of a long term study focusing on all aspects of the eating disorder development, based on specific sports and age ranges. The take home message of this paper is that athletes, coaches, and health professionals alike should be better educated at understanding the prevalence of eating disorders in athletes compared to their non-athletic counterparts, in addition to coping with the risks that stem from participating in a ‘lean’ sport, while at the same time knowing how to solve the problem if it were to arise. References Abood, DA. (2000) Health education prevention for eating disorders among college female athletes. American Journal of Health Behavior.24(3):209. http://doi.org/10.5993/AJHB.24.3.6 Anderson C, Petrie TA. (2012) Prevalence of disordered eating and pathogenic weight control behaviors among NCAA division in female collegiate gymnasts and swimmers. Res Q Exerc Sport 83(1): 120-124, Beals, K. A., & Manore, M. M. (1994). The Prevalence and Consequences of Subclinical Eating Disorders in Female Athletes.  International Journal of Sport Nutrition,4(2), 175-195. doi:10.1123/ijsn.4.2.175 Beals KA. (2004) Disordered Eating Among Athletes: A Comprehensive Guide for Health Professionals: Human Kinetics. Bonci, C. M., Bonci, L. J., Granger, L. R., Johnson, C. L., Malina, R. M., Milne, L. W., . . . Vanderbunt, E. M. (2008). National Athletic Trainers Association Position Statement: Preventing, Detecting, and Managing Disordered Eating in Athletes.  Journal of Athletic Training,43(1), 80-108. doi:10.4085/1062-6050-43.1.80 Brownell, K.D., J. Rodin, and J.H. Wilmore (Eds.). (1992) Eating, Body Weight and Performance in Athletes. Disorders of Modem Society. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger, pp. 3-14. Coelho, G. M. de O., Gomes, A. I. da S., Ribeiro, B. G., & Soares, E. de A. (2014). Prevention of eating disorders in female athletes.  Open Access Journal of Sports Medicine,  5, 105–113. http://doi.org/10.2147/OAJSM.S36528 El Ghoch, M., Soave, F., Calugi, S., & Dalle Grave, R. (2013). Eating Disorders, Physical Fitness and Sport Performance: A Systematic Review.  Nutrients,  5(12), 5140–5160. http://doi.org/10.3390/nu5125140 Epling, W.F., and W.D. Pierce. Activity based anorexia nervosa. Int. J. Eating Disorders 7:475-485, 1988 Folscher, L.-L., Grant, C. C., Fletcher, L., & Janse van Rensberg, D. C. (2015). Ultra-Marathon Athletes at Risk for the Female Athlete Triad.  Sports Medicine Open,  1, 29. http://doi.org/10.1186/s40798-015-0027-7 Giel, K. E., Hermann-Werner, A., Mayer, J., Diehl, K., Schneider, S., Thiel, A., & Zipfel, S. (2016). Eating disorder pathology in elite adolescent athletes.  International Journal of Eating Disorders,49(6), 553-562. doi:10.1002/eat.22511 McLester, C. N., Hardin, R., & Hoppe, S. (2014). Susceptibility to Eating Disorders Among Collegiate Female Student–Athletes.  Journal of Athletic Training,  49(3), 406–410. http://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-49.2.16 ­ Reinking, M. F., & Alexander, L. E. (2005). Prevalence of Disordered-Eating Behaviors in Undergraduate Female Collegiate Athletes and Nonathletes.  Journal of Athletic Training,  40(1), 47–51. Rosen, L.W., and D.O. Hough. (1988) Pathogenic weight-control behavior in female college gymnasts. Phys. Sportsmed. 16(9): 141- 146. Picard, C. L. (1999). The Level of Competition as a Factor for the Development of Eating Disorders in Female Collegiate Athletes.  Journal of Youth and Adolescence,28(5), 583-594. doi:10.1023/a:1021606710398 Piran, N. (1999). Eating Disorders: A Trial of Prevention in a High Risk School Setting.  Journal of Primary Prevention,20(1), 75-90. doi:10.1023/A:1021358519832 Sundgot-Borgen, J. (1993). Prevalence of Eating Disorders in Elite Female Athletes.  International Journal of Sport Nutrition,3(1), 29-40. doi:10.1123/ijsn.3.1.29 Sundgot-Borgen, J. (1994) Risk and trigger factors for the development of eating disorders in female elite athletes. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 26(4):414-419. Sundgot-Borgen, J. (1996). Eating Disorders, Energy Intake, Training Volume, and Menstrual Function in High-Level Modern Rhythmic Gymnasts [Abstract].  International Journal of Sports Nutrition,6(2), 100-109. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsn.6.2.100 Thompson, R.A., and R.T. Sherman. (1993) Helping Athletes With Eating Disorders. Human Kinetics. Yates, A. (1989) Current perspectives on the eating disorders: History, psychological and biological aspects. J. Am. Acad. Child Adoles. Psychiatry 28(6):8 13-828. Wells, E.K, Chin, A.d., Tache J.A, & Bunn, J.A. (2015). Risk of Disordered Eating Among Division I Female College Athletes.  International Journal of Exercise Science,  8(3), 256–264.

Nervous System :: essays research papers

Nervous System The two types of the nervous system are the Central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system. They are responsible for integrating, processing, and coordinating Sensory data and motor commands the central nervous system, which interprets sensory input and carry information to maintain homeostasis. CNS canà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t be regenerate because a CNS consists of the spinal cord that mean if ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s break the spinal cord is break also. The peripheral nervous system consists of the nerves that branch from the brain and spinal cord. It is a thick bundle of nerve fibers located within the spinal cord. The PNS can be regenerate and it will regrow. The brain and spinal cord are the main parts of the nervous system. The brain controls every part of your body and is located top of our head inside our skull. The spinal cord with controls our movement. Nerve cells contain 3 parts: dendrites, cell body and the axon. Dendrite is the receiving part of the neuron. It is a short extension of the cell body And send signals toward the cell body and the cell body conducts nerve impulses which in the transmission of the nerve impulses from the region to the other cell. The axon is a single extension carries the message to the next neuron, which controls all of the nerves. The nerve impulse is response of the neuron. There are 3 classes of neurons: sensory neurons, motor neurons, and interneurons. Neurons are also called nerve cells. A sensory neuron takes information from a receptor to the CNS. A motor neuron takes information away from the CNS. An interneuron transfer information between neurons in the CNS. It also sending out signal to the muscles resulting in contraction or movement. Nerves impulse occurs when an action potential changes rapidly. When action potential occurs, the sodium gates will open as Na+ flowing into the axon the changes from à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"65mV to +40mV, this is call depolarization and during repolarization the charge as k+exits the axon from +40 mV to à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"65mV.

Outline of Plague Essay

Prompt: Analyze the various responses to the outbreaks of plague from the fifteenth to the eighteenth centuries. Discuss the beliefs and concerns that these responses express. In the mid-fourteenth century of Europe, a deathly plague struck killing about 25 million people from a single fleabite. Once infected, a person would experience very high fevers, buboes, and die within a few days and it was an airborne disease making it an even more contagious disease. Depopulation, trading seized, and many people relocated are just some results of the plague. Many Europeans had numerous different beliefs and concerns about the plague such as fear, greed, or turning to faith for help. Topic sentence: Fear of the plague predominantly came from not knowing the cause of the disease and not knowing how to cure it. Supporting document #1: Document #2 Analysis sentence #1: Theologian Erasmus, fears the plague as he blames the filth and dirt on the streets for it and its spread. Supporting document #2: Document #6 Analysis sentence #2: Fear of the plague was also seen in Giovan Filippo’s, a Sicilian physician, statement. Extreme measures were taken including bonfires to burn anything infected, quarantines were built, and regulations were enforced to try and prevent the plague from spreading. Topic Sentence #2: As the plague swept through the nation, many Europeans exploited the plague realizing wealth was more important than anything else. Supporting document #3: Document #4  Analysis sentence #3: In the work The Deceptions of Demons by Johann Weyer, he discusses how the heirs of the dead smeared an infected cream on gate towns so that anyone who would touch it would catch the disease and die. They did this so they could acquire their inheritances faster. Supporting  document #4: Document #11 Analysis sentence #4: Nurses from Barcelona would take advantage of their patients by making them die faster instead of trying to heal them. All they wanted was to get their agreed upon fees and leave as quickly as they could. Topic Sentence #3: One final belief during the plague was turning to one’s faith or church for a cure and hope to survive. Supporting document #5: Document #7 Analysis sentence #5: A housewife Lisabetta, witnessed her husband heal after he ate a piece of bread that touched the body of St. Domenica. Supporting document #6: Document #9  Analysis sentence #6: A priest Father Dragoni wrote a letter to the Health Magistry of Florence stating that he fed the sick, helped them, and he paid the guards and gravediggers with charity from the lordships. However, a health official should have been sent to heal the sick and manage the houses. Conclusion (sentence or two): In conclusion, during the plague there were many beliefs and concerns including terror of being infected, exploitation, and looking to the Church for hope to survive through the plague.

How to Get a Job in College

How to Get a Job in College Knowing how to get a job in college can be challenging, especially if youre new on campus or youve never applied for an on-campus job before. And while each and every student worker plays an important role in helping make a college run better, there are definitely some jobs that are better than others. So how can you make sure that the job you get in college is a good one? Start Early There are undoubtedly other students, just like you, who want or need to get a job in college. Which means that there are lots of other people eager to apply for the job(s) you want to get, too. As soon as you know that you need or want to work during your time in school, start figuring out how and where to make the process happen. If at all possible, try to do some emailing or even applying before you officially arrive on campus for a new semester. Figure Out How Much Money You Want or Need to Make Before you start looking at listings, take a moment to sit down, make a budget, and figure out how much money you need or want to make from your on-campus job. Knowing the amount youll need to bring in each week will help you figure out what to look for. You may, for example, think the gig working at the theater is totally perfect, but if it only offers a few hours each weekend and you know youll need to work 10 hours a week, its no longer the perfect gig. Look at the Official Listings If youre applying for an on-campus job, chances are that all of the student jobs are posted in one central place, like the student employment or financial aid office. Head there first to avoid having to spend a ton of time trying to see if individual departments or offices are hiring. Dont Be Afraid to Ask Around and Network When people hear networking, they often think of schmoozing with people they dont really know at a cocktail party. But even on a college campus, its important to talk to people about what youd like in an on-campus job. Talk to your friends to see if they know of great places that are hiring or if theyve worked somewhere they particularly liked. If, for example, someone down the hall works at the mailroom, thinks its a great gig and is willing to put in a good word for you, voila! Thats networking in action. Apply Applying for on-campus jobs is usually a much lower-key process than applying for jobs at, say, a major department store or corporate office in town. That being said, its still important to appear professional when you apply for an on-campus job. No matter where you work on campus, youll undoubtedly be interacting with people off-campus, professors, upper-level administrators, and other important folks. Whoever hires you will want to make sure that when the community interacts with you, as a member and representative of their office, the interaction is positive and professional. So make sure you return phone calls or emails on time, show up for your interview on time, and dress in a way that makes sense for the position. Ask What the Time Line Is You may apply for a super-casual gig where they hire you on the spot. Or you may apply for something with a little more prestige where you need to wait a week or two (or more) before you hear if youve got the job or not. Its okay to ask during your interview when theyll be letting people know if they are being hired; that way, you can still apply for other jobs and be making progress while you wait. The last thing you want to do is shoot yourself in the foot by letting all the other good jobs slip by as you wait to hear from one specific place that ends up not hiring you. Although the first few weeks of any semester is a flurry of activity as students apply for on-campus jobs, everyone usually ends up landing something that they like. Being smart about the process can help increase the chances that youll end up with a job that not only provides a little cash but also lets you enjoy your time working in school.

W8 Balanced Score cards Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

W8 Balanced Score cards - Essay Example 2). For the current discourse, the aim is to select a company from the Balanced Scorecard Institute official website which applied the balanced scorecard approach and which led to facilitating the achievement of defined goals in a more efficient and effective manner. The selected company is Kenya Red Cross and the experience of applying the balanced scorecard was told from the point of view of its Chief Financial Officer (CFO) and Strategy Champion for the Kenya Red Cross Society, Arthur Omolo (Omolo, 2010). Evaluation of the Scorecard The organization’s balanced scorecard was shown in this link: http://balancedscorecard.org/Portals/0/PDF/KenyaRed%20CrossScorecardPoster.pdf. From the framework, the structure was classified into subsections which include the following: Mission, vision, core values, beneficiary value proposition; Strategic themes; Strategy map; Presentation of objectives, performance measures, target, and initiatives according to: Beneficiary, stakeholder; Finan cial stewardship; Business processes; and Organizational capacity. In terms of possessing the crucial ingredients of the balanced scorecard, the application strictly complied and adhered to the needed requirements; which contributed to its effectiveness. First and foremost, the explicit identification of the mission and vision statement was present and even included the value proposition which stated â€Å"Always There† to the beneficiaries of their services. The strategy map also vividly presented a visual summary of the objectives that would necessitate the design of strategies to effectively achieve them. Likewise, it was commendable that Kenya Red Cross presented an in-depth and comprehensive enumeration of the objectives, performance measures, targets, and initiatives that assisted in designing appropriate strategies which could be instrumental in facilitating the attainment of the identified goals. Overall, the structure and presentation was clear, straightforward, and highly commendable for following the essential elements required by the balanced scorecard approach (Kenya Red Cross, n.d.). As emphasized, there were enumerable benefits that were realized by the Kenya Red Cross due to the application of the balanced scorecard. According to Omolo (2010): â€Å"there are so many firsts with the balanced scorecard. Kenya Red Cross for the first time has a strategy that has performance measures and targets. For the first time we can present our strategy on a single sheet of paper. The balanced scorecard has changed the conversation on strategy and increased the focus on consistent monitoring of the strategy† (p. 2). Personal Reaction What did you like? Honestly, the experience relayed by Kenya Red Cross regarding the manner by which the balanced scorecard approach assisted in their ability to gauge the effectiveness of their strategies in achieving organizational objectives were inspiring and enlightening. I liked the way that the Chief Financi al Officer was able to communicate through the approach that in one comprehensive view, the organization is able to monitor their performance against mission, vision, and goals statements and inevitably assisted in adhering to the value proposition as required of the humanitarian organization. The most relevant realization that was relayed by Omolo (2010) focused on the ability of the balanced

Moving Beyond Customer Service Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Moving Beyond Customer Service - Essay Example 2. The communication techniques used by the staff of the hotel, including those at the front desk and at Ballroom A, were very courteous. Unfortunately, the general manager of the hotel was arrogant and disrespectful to the hotel guests. A potential conflict may be avoided if the general manager did not express his emotions with regards to how frustrated he has become with regards to persons with disabilities. Escalation of conflict from potential to actual may be prevented by considering how the client must feel that he could not attend the wedding because his wheelchair could not pass through the function room. A pleasing tone in communicating to the guests may also prevent the escalation of the conflict. 3. One conflict involved the non-availability of a room for one hotel guest, despite her presentation of a confirmation number for a reservation that was made two weeks earlier. A solution to this problem would involve the immediate provision of a room for this particular guest and possibly an additional feature, such as a free dinner from the hotel’s dining room, free of charge. The other conflict involved the inability of a disabled guest to get into the function room of a wedding. A possible solution to this conflict would involve the movement of tables in the function room and be assisting the guest in getting into the wedding reception. 4. The staff members of the hotel did not take full responsibility for resolving the conflicts because they called on the general manager for solutions to these problems. Conflicts could have been prevented if the front desk clerk provided a room for to the first hotel guest. In the case of the wedding incident, the situation could have been improved if the hotel assistant took the responsibility of assisting the guest in getting through to the wedding reception without the help of the general manager.